1AC

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Advantage

Funding for comprehensive sex education is low now—federal direction important because it sends a MESSAGE about priorities to all levels of the government. Donovan 3/30/2017 (Megan K. Donovan, Guttmacher Institute, “The Looming Threat to Sex Education: A Resurgence of Federal Funding for Abstinence-Only Programs?”, March 30, 2017, < https://www.guttmacher.org/gpr/2017/03/looming-threat-sex-education-resurgence-federal-funding-abstinence-only-programs>)//PS Over the past two decades, the United States has spent approximately $2 billion AND to spend federal dollars will speak volumes about our priorities as a nation.

Abstinence-only sex ed contributes to disproportionate rates of teen pregnancy and STI’s, and perpetuates gendered stereotypes LeClair 06 [Danielle. J.D., University of Wisconsin. “LET'S TALK ABOUT SEX HONESTLY: WHY FEDERAL ABSTINENCE-ONLY-UNTIL-MARRIAGE EDUCATION PROGRAMS DISCRIMINATE AGAINST GIRLS, ARE BAD PUBLIC POLICY, AND SHOULD BE OVERTURNED.” Wisconsin Women’s Law Journal, Vol. 21, 291-322. SH.] 1. Abstinence-only programs do not adequately address issues that disproportionately impact girls AND comprehensive sex education programs that teach both abstinence and contraception as important components.

Federal action is key to coordination—status quo implementation results in a patchwork of inconsistent practices. JAH 16 [Journal of Adolescent Health Editorial. “The State of Sex Education in the United States.” Journal of Adolescent Health 58 (2016) 595-597. SH.] At the federal level, the U.S. congress has continued to substantially AND , it is no wonder that state practices are so disparate [4].

And historically, US sex education has reinforced hegemonic forms of heteronormativity, racism, classism, and ableism. Both status quo versions of abstinence only and comprehensive sexual education entrench these paradigms by focusing on preventing sex and sexually transmitted diseases rather than investigating the complex social and political factors that influence sexuality. Elia and Tokunaga, 2015 [John P. Elia, Jessica Tokunaga, (2015) "Sexuality education: implications for health, equity, and social justice in the United States", Health Education, Vol. 115 Issue: 1, pp.105-120, https://doi-org.ezproxy.lib.utexas.edu/10.1108/HE-01-2014-0001. SPS] While school-based sexuality education has been taught in the USA since 1913, AND do not disaggregate this group enough to be helpful (Tepper, 2005).

Status quo evidence-based sexual education policy re-entrenches a heteronormative view of gender and sexuality that has multiple impacts from a decrease in sexual health to exclusion, violence, domestic abuse and lack of sexual agency. Schalet, Santelli, and Russell et al. 2014 [Schalet, A.T., Santelli, J.S., Russell, S.T. et al. “Invited Commentary: Broadening the Evidence for Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health and Education in the United States.” J Youth Adolescence (2014) 43: 1595. doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0178-8. SPS.] We have argued that Evidence Based Interventions often do not reflect factors that the broad AND curricula—and include tools to help students address and challenge these beliefs.

Sexuality is structured by a political culture of negativity that enforces punitive and restrictive frameworks—producing alternatives is necessary to politicize sexuality. Rubin 1984 [Gayle S. Associate Professor of Anthropology and Women's Studies at the University of Michigan. “Thinking Sex: Notes for a Radical Theory of the Politics of Sexuality.” Pleasure and Danger. Ed. Carole Vance. http://sites.middlebury.edu/sexandsociety/files/2015/01/Rubin-Thinking-Sex.pdf. SH] It is impossible to think with any clarity about the politics of race or gender AND act is, the more it is depicted as a uniformly bad experience.

Plan

The United States federal government should fully fund sexual education in the United States and mandate that all federally funded programs for sexual education meet the criteria established by the Real Education for Healthy Youth Act.

Solvency

Federally mandated standards for inclusive and medically accurate sexual education are key and spill over to states and local organizations Kempner 16 [Martha. May 10, 2016. Martha Kempner is a writer, consultant, and sexual health expert. “Fewer Young People Are Getting Formal Sex Education, But Can a New Federal Bill Change That?” Rewire. https://rewire.news/article/2016/05/10/fewer-young-people-getting-formal-sex-education-can-new-federal-bill-change/. SH] As Advocates for Youth explains, if passed, REHYA would be the first federal AND could have a broader reach than just the programs it would directly fund.

US federal sexual health policy should be scientifically based and inclusive of all marginalized students. SexEd policy that acknowledges the role that structural and contextual factors play is essential to break down the hegemonic ideologies surround sexuality in the status quo Schalet, Santelli, and Russell et al. 2014 [Schalet, A.T., Santelli, J.S., Russell, S.T. et al. “Invited Commentary: Broadening the Evidence for Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health and Education in the United States.” J Youth Adolescence (2014) 43: 1595. doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0178-8. SPS.] US federal sexual health policy has come a long way since the introduction of AOUM AND efforts will be best positioned to promote adolescent health and well-being.

Critical pedagogy and anti-oppressive education in the context of inclusive sexual education leads to a democratic form of engagement focused on lived experiences that is capable of challenging current dominant ideologies surrounding sex and sexuality. Elia and Tokunaga, 2015 [John P. Elia, Jessica Tokunaga, (2015) "Sexuality education: implications for health, equity, and social justice in the United States", Health Education, Vol. 115 Issue: 1, pp.105-120, https://doi-org.ezproxy.lib.utexas.edu/10.1108/HE-01-2014-0001. SPS] Two useful theoretical and practical (not that these two features are neatly separable) AND education possible in the interest of enhancing the quality of their sexual health.

Inclusive frameworks for sexual education should incorporate concepts of desire that challenge the state and the religious right’s attempts to shape educational policy. Rather than move away from the state and giving up on sexual education, we should engage in a politics of wanting that demands publicly subsidized educational, social, and interpersonal opportunities for youth. An interrogation into the way the state intersects with sexual bodies is essential to critical thinking and political action, schools and the policies that shape them are a critical starting point. Fine and McClelland 2006 [MICHELLE FINE and SARA McCLELLAND (2006) Sexuality Education and Desire: Still Missing after All These Years. Harvard Educational Review: September 2006, Vol. 76, No. 3, pp. 297-338. SPS.] Thick desire places sexual activity for all people, regardless of age or gender, AND are dying for good conversation about sexuality, and are dying without it.

Framing

Don’t prioritize large scale spectacles of violence—everyday acts of dehumanization produce a will to violence that makes large scale conflicts possible Kappeler 1995 [Susanne. Former lecturer in English at the University of East Anglia and an Associate Professor at the School of Humanities and Social Sciences. The Will to Violence: The Politics of Personal Behavior. Polity Press. ISBN 0 7456 130555. Pg. at bottom] A decision to violate is not necessarily synonymous with a decision to be ‘bad’ AND attacks, of murder and destruction possible at all. 7-9

Sexuality is uniquely key to this culture of violence—sexual panics are deeply tied to the reproduction of structural violence and its ideological legitimation Herdt 09 [Gilbert. June 2009. Professor of Human Sexuality Studies and Anthropology and a Founder of the Department of Sexuality Studies and National Sexuality Resource Center at San Francisco State University. “Introduction: Moral Panics, Sexual Rights, and Cultural Anger.” Moral Panics, Sex Panics: Fear and the Fight over Sexual Rights. NYU Press. SH.] Human societies across time and space often have experienced times of dread, anxiety, AND to do it, and that everyone should do it that way.10