Rhombus of K Db8 Wa

From UTNIF Disclosure Wiki
Revision as of 19:17, 20 July 2017 by 64.134.159.191 (Talk)

Jump to: navigation, search


Contents

1AC Advantage

Funding for comprehensive sex education is low now—federal direction is important because it sends a MESSAGE about priorities to all levels of the government.

Over the past two decades, the United States has spent approximately $2 billion AND comprehensive sex education programs that teach both abstinence and contraception as important components.


Federal action is key to coordination—status quo implementation results in a patchwork of inconsistent practices.

    • JAH 16 ~~[Journal of Adolescent Health Editorial. "The State of Sex Education in the United States." Journal of Adolescent Health 58 (2016) 595-597. SH.~~]**

At the federal level, the U.S. congress has continued to substantially AND , it is no wonder that state practices are so disparate ~~[4~~].


And historically, US sex education has reinforced hegemonic forms of heteronormativity, racism, classism, and ableism. Both status quo versions of abstinence only and comprehensive sexual education entrench these paradigms by focusing on preventing sex and sexually transmitted diseases rather than investigating the complex social and political factors that influence sexuality.

While school-based sexuality education has been taught in the USA since 1913, AND do not disaggregate this group enough to be helpful (Tepper, 2005).


Status quo evidence-based sexual education policy re-entrenches a heteronormative view of gender and sexuality that has multiple impacts from a decrease in sexual health to exclusion, violence, domestic abuse and lack of sexual agency.

    • Schalet, Santelli, and Russell et al. 2014 **~~[Schalet, A.T., Santelli, J.S., Russell, S.T. et al. "Invited Commentary: Broadening the Evidence for Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health and Education in the United States." J Youth Adolescence (2014) 43: 1595. doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0178-8. SPS.~~]

We have argued that Evidence Based Interventions often do not reflect factors that the broad AND curricula—and include tools to help students address and challenge these beliefs.


Sexuality is structured by a political culture of negativity that enforces punitive and restrictive frameworks—producing alternatives is necessary to politicize sexuality.

It is impossible to think with any clarity about the politics of race or gender AND act is, the more it is depicted as a uniformly bad experience.


Plan

The United States federal government should fully fund sexual education in the United States and mandate that all federal funding for sexual education meet the criteria established by the Real Education for Healthy Youth act, or REHYA.

Solvency

Federally mandated standards for inclusive and medically accurate sexual education are key and spill over to states and local organizations

As Advocates for Youth explains, if passed, REHYA would be the first federal AND could have a broader reach than just the programs it would directly fund.


US federal sexual health policy should be scientifically based and inclusive of all marginalized students. SexEd policy that acknowledges the role that structural and contextual factors play is essential to break down the hegemonic ideologies surround sexuality in the status quo

    • Schalet, Santelli, and Russell et al. 2014 **~~[Schalet, A.T., Santelli, J.S., Russell, S.T. et al. "Invited Commentary: Broadening the Evidence for Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health and Education in the United States." J Youth Adolescence (2014) 43: 1595. doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0178-8. SPS.~~]

US federal sexual health policy has come a long way since the introduction of AOUM AND efforts will be best positioned to promote adolescent health and well-being.


Critical pedagogy and anti-oppressive education in the context of inclusive sexual education leads to a democratic form of engagement focused on lived experiences that is capable of challenging current dominant ideologies surrounding sex and sexuality.

Two useful theoretical and practical (not that these two features are neatly separable) AND education possible in the interest of enhancing the quality of their sexual health.


Inclusive frameworks for sexual education should incorporate concepts of desire that challenge the state and the religious right's attempts to shape educational policy. Rather than move away from the state and giving up on sexual education, we should engage in a politics of wanting that demands publicly subsidized educational, social, and interpersonal opportunities for youth. An interrogation into the way the state intersects with sexual bodies is essential to critical thinking and political action, schools and the policies that shape them are a critical starting point.

    • Fine and McClelland 2006 **~~[MICHELLE FINE and SARA McCLELLAND (2006) Sexuality Education and Desire: Still Missing after All These Years. Harvard Educational Review: September 2006, Vol. 76, No. 3, pp. 297-338. SPS.~~]

Thick desire places sexual activity for all people, regardless of age or gender, AND are dying for good conversation about sexuality, and are dying without it.


Framing

Don't prioritize large scale spectacles of violence—everyday acts of dehumanization produce a will to violence that makes large scale conflicts possible

    • Kappeler 1995 ~~[Susanne. Former lecturer in English at the University of East Anglia and an Associate Professor at the School of Humanities and Social Sciences. The Will to Violence: The Politics of Personal Behavior. Polity Press. ISBN 0 7456 130555. Pg. at bottom~~]**

A decision to violate is not necessarily synonymous with a decision to be 'bad' AND attacks, of murder and destruction possible at all. 7-9


Sexuality is uniquely key to this culture of violence—sexual panics are deeply tied to the reproduction of structural violence and its ideological legitimation

    • Herdt 09 ~~[Gilbert. June 2009. Professor of Human Sexuality Studies and Anthropology and a Founder of the Department of Sexuality Studies and National Sexuality Resource Center at San Francisco State University. "Introduction: Moral Panics, Sexual Rights, and Cultural Anger." Moral Panics, Sex Panics: Fear and the Fight over Sexual Rights. NYU Press. SH.~~]**

Human societies across time and space often have experienced times of dread, anxiety, AND to do it, and that everyone should do it that way.10



1NC

1

A.) Interpretation: "Primary and secondary education" refers to schooling ranging from elementary to high school education

    • U.S. Department of Education 8** (International Affairs Office, U.S. Department of Education, Feb 2008. "Organization of U.S. Education: The School Level,")

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS Primary schools are called elementary schools, intermediate (upper primary AND different interests and capabilities who follow different educational tracks within the same school.


B.) Violation: the plan funds teaching certification programs, which are postsecondary education —

    • Putnam 81** (John F. Putnam, National Center for Education Statistics. "Postsecondary Student Terminology: A Handbook of Terms and Definitions for Describing Students in Postsecondary Education," March 1981.)

A postsecondary education institution is defined as an academic, vocational, technical, home AND FICE Report,, vol. 1, no. 3 (June 1974).


C.) Prefer our interpretation:

1) Limits – allowing affirmatives to fund or regulate postsecondary education drastically and unfairly expands the negative's research burden –

2) Ground – postsecondary education skirts the core controversy of federal vs. state regulation of schools – eliminates core generics specific to public education

3.) Extra T- The aff is extra T because they gain all of their advantages off of untopical teacher certifications.

4.) Effects T- All of their advantage are premised on an effect of the plan

2

The Fifty United States and all relevant territories should substantially increase their funding of primary and secondary computer science and digital literacy education in the United States, including the provision of matching grants for teacher certification in computer science.

States are key to practical decision-making – "one size fits all" fails

    • Kelly 15** ~~[Andrew P. Kelly is a resident scholar and director of the Center on Higher Education Reform at the American Entrprise Institute, with Frederick M. Hess, director of education policy studies at the American Enterprise Institute and author of the new book, "Letters to a Young Education Reformer." More Than a Slogan Here are five good reasons federalism is so important in education. https://www.usnews.com/opinion/knowledge-bank/2015/09/15/5-reasons-federalism-in-education-matters~~] Calculus BC

It's a matter of size. Education advocates suffer from severe bouts of Finland and AND is both accountable to the public and dynamic enough to meet today's challenges.


3

Trump is dedicated to reducing federal influence in education now

President Trump signed an executive order Wednesday to start pulling the federal government out of AND teachers and parents to make the decisions that help their students achieve success."


Sudden federal involvement in state education increases federal-state conflict

    • McGuinn 15** (Patrick, associate professor of political science and education at Drew University, "Schooling the State: ESEA and the Evolution of the U.S. Department of Education", The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, 1(3), 77–94 (2015), Published December 17th 2015, http://www.rsfjournal.org/doi/full/10.7758/RSF.2015.1.3.04, accessed 6/3/17, jk)

This article provides an overview of the evolution of national administrative capacity and the implementation AND , these tensions are particularly illuminated and exacerbated" (1968, vii).


American federalism is modeled globally

    • Stepan et al. 11** (Alfred Stepan is the Wallace Sayre Professor of Government at Columbia University. His books include Democracies in Danger, Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation, and The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes, all also published by Johns Hopkins, the last two with Juan J. Linz. Juan J. Linz is Sterling Professor Emeritus of Political and Social Science at Yale University. In addition to the works coauthored and coedited with Professor Stepan, Professor Linz has published works on democracy, democratization, and comparative politics, including Sultanistic Regimes, also published by Johns Hopkins. Yogendra Yadav is the codirector of Lokniti and a Senior Fellow with the Center for the Study of Developing Societies (CSDS), Delhi, India. He has written articles for Hindi- and English-language newspapers and magazines, is a member of the editorial collective of the monthly Hindi-language magazine Samayik Varta, and is the general editor of Lokchintan Granthamala, a four-volume series on social science published in Hindi. Crafting State-Nations: India and Other Multinational Democracies, "Ch 8: The U.S. Federal Model and Multinational Societies," Johns Hopkins University Press, January 2011.)

The purpose of this chapter is to explore the question ' how appropriate or inappropriate AND is it neutral in its impact. or could it be particularly hartnful?


Decentralized education federalism is key to governance-building in fragile states

Decentralized federal constitutions are characterized by fairly autonomous provinces and a weak central authority in AND Nigeria would probably not have survived without some form of decentralized governance.34


Federal policies overrule state courts defense of minorities and the poor through state's rights to education – top-down policies end up hurting the educational opportunities of marginalized groups

This Comment argues that it is not. Using policies adopted in New York State AND should assume a role that leaves sufficient space for state courts to operate.


4

Interpretation – "substantial" requires creating a new program

    • Redwoods.edu no date** ~~[1] Calculus BC

SUBSTANTIAL CHANGE A new program based upon an active proposal. This action will initiate a new control number.


Violation: the aff increases funding for existing programs

Vote neg—

Limits – justifies an infinite number of affs that make minor changes to existing education programs—allows hyper-specific and small affs with massive advantage areas – explodes neg research burden

Ground – modifications to existing programs destroy DA and mechanism counterplan ground – destroys link uniqueness contextual counterplan solvency

Automation Nation

The last two sentences of their Economist evidence vote neg

A computer that dispenses expert radiology advice is just one example of how jobs currently AND Mr Mokyr, far more labour is being replaced by cheap workers overseas.


8.9 million job is only 6% of total job in the US economy. No reason 6% of job loss causes econ decline.

No unemployment crisis – production gains offset employment costs

    • Manyika et al 17** (James Manyika Director, McKinsey Global Institute; Senior Partner, McKinsey & Company San Francisco. "A FUTURE THAT WORKS: AUTOMATION, EMPLOYMENT, AND PRODUCTIVITY," January 2017.)

A recurring question about automation is its effect on employment. Many forecasters paint a AND higher-level capabilities, especially those that require social and emotional ones.


Emperics such the 08 crisis and the great depression had more than 9-13 million job losses which is more than the 1AC ev that didn't trigger the impact of econ decline neither will an 8.9 million job loss.

Plan can't solve alternate causes of unemployment—specialization, labor market inflexibility, financial crises

Although the labor market report on Friday showed modest job growth, employment opportunities remain AND do with modern technology, and it will be with us for some time


Productivity gains from automation offset employment effects—no economic collapse

    • Manyika et al 17** (James Manyika Director, McKinsey Global Institute; Senior Partner, McKinsey & Company San Francisco. "A FUTURE THAT WORKS: AUTOMATION, EMPLOYMENT, AND PRODUCTIVITY," January 2017.)

The world is in need of a new engine of GDP growth. Shifting demographics AND requiring all workers to cohabit extensively with technology and reshaping the corporate landscape.


Economic collapse doesn't cause war

Daniel **Drezner 14**, IR prof at Tufts, The System Worked: Global Economic Governance during the Great Recession, World Politics, Volume 66. Number 1, January 2014, pp. 123-164 The final significant outcome addresses a dog that hasn't barked: the effect of the AND surge in protectionist nationalism or ethnic exclusion that might have been expected."43


Their NSTC evidence says the status quo solves and zero cards in the aff say digital literacy is a funding problem

    • NSTC 2016 **~~[ National Science and Technology Council, the principal means by which the Executive Branch coordinates science and technology policy across research and development (R&D) enterprises ~| "PREPARING FOR THE FUTURE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE" Report by the NSTC to the President, 10/12/2016 ~| https://www.eenews.net/assets/2016/10/12/document_gw_03.pdf ~~]

An AI-enabled world demands a data-literate citizenry that is able to AND preparing a future workforce for the needs of an AI-driven economy.


Advanced Manufacturing

Their Brandt evidence says the perception of manufacturing deters workers and nobody knows what skills the manufacturing sector needs

Eighty-four percent of advanced manufacturing executives believe there is a "talent shortage AND to ensure workers are prepared for the increasing technology associated with advanced manufacturing.


Aff can't solve advanced manufacturing—public perception of manufacturing decline dissuades prospective workers

PCAST 2014 ~~[President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology,an advisory group of the Nation's leading scientists and engineers, appointed by the President to augment the science and technology advice available to him from inside the White House and from cabinet departments and other Federal agencies ~| "REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT ACCELERATING U.S. ADVANCED MANUFACTURING" PCAST Report October 2014 ~| https://www.manufacturingusa.com/sites/prod/files/amp20_report_final.pdf ~~] Shifting the Misconceptions the Public Holds of Manufacturing: For decades, workers flocked to AND advanced manufacturing and product realization starting at early ages and through graduate education.


One class at school that teaches data analytics and modeling is not going to create skilled workers. Make them provide you a step by step internal link chain if they want to win any chance of this impact.

Automation doesn't kill manufacturing employment—Germany, Sweden and South Korea prove

Andes & Muro 2015 ~~[Scott, Associate and Associate Fellow - Centennial Scholar Initiative, Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Initiative on Innovation and Placemaking; Mark, Senior Fellow and Policy Director - Metropolitan Policy Program ~| "Don't blame the robots for lost manufacturing jobs" Brookings Institute 4/29/15 ~| https://www.brookings.edu/blog/the-avenue/2015/04/29/dont-blame-the-robots-for-lost-manufacturing-jobs/ ~~] However, this new evidence poses a question: Has productivity growth from robots come AND time frame studied here they cannot be said to have caused job losses.


Hegemony is terminally unsustainable – attempts at reanimating it make their impacts inevitable

On both sides of the Atlantic, Britain's vote to leave the European Union has AND it risks accelerated relative economic decline at home, and major conflict abroad.


Their Reynolds evidence says the issue isn't education, and even if it was, post-secondary reform would be required too

    • Reynolds 2/13** ~~[Elisabeth B., executive director of the MIT Industrial Performance Center and a lecturer at MIT's Department of Urban Studies and Planning ~| "The New Face of Manufacturing Jobs" The Institute for Work & Employment Research ~| http://iwer.mit.edu/posts/new-face-manufacturing-jobs/ ~~]

The relatively strong job and wage growth in the country belies the reality that quality AND . Massachusetts universities are partners or leaders in nine of the 14 institutes.


Cybersecurity

Alt cause – the plan only solves American cyber defense – other countries' cyber defenses won't be improved.

Squo solves demand—internal training and existing education programs

Libicki et al 2014 ~~[Martin C., American scholar and Professor at the Frederick S. Pardee RAND Graduate School in Santa Monica, California ; David Senty, RAND senior fellow who previously served as chief of staff at the U.S. Cyber Command; Julia Pollack, reference and instruction librarian at CUNY-Bronx Community College ~| "H4CKER5 WANTED: An Examination of the Cybersecurity Labor Market" Report for the Rand Corporation, 2014 ~| http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR400/RR430/RAND_RR430.pdf ~~] Our assessment does not refute this position—good cybersecurity professionals are in high demand AND indications of a decrease in the demand for cybersecurity professionals started to appear.


Even if there is a shortage automation solves. Streamlining repetitive tasks and predictive analytics enable a reallocation of the existing labor pool

Golden & Johnson 6/8 ~~[Deborah, principal in Deloitte & Touche LLP's Advisory practice. She has over 20 years of information technology, security, and privacy experience;Ted, Defense and National Security Research Manager with Deloitte's Center for Government Insights ~| "Augmented Security: How Cognitive Technologies can Address the Cyber Workforce Shortage" Deloitte University Press 6/8/17 ~| https://dupress.deloitte.com/dup-us-en/industry/public-sector/addressing-cybersecurity-talent-shortage.html ~~] So what exactly are cognitive technologies and how might they address the talent shortage? AND , which permits a forward-looking, predictive approach to security challenges.


no solvency—existing federal and state programs are sufficient but the aff can't mobilize the private sector

Garcia 3/23 ~~[Antonio, Principal Systems Engineer, GRA Quantum ~| "Addressing the Cybersecurity Talent Shortage" RSA Conference, 3/23/17 ~| https://www.rsaconference.com/blogs/addressing-the-cybersecurity-talent-shortage ~~] Numerous examples demonstrate the success of vocational training programs and apprenticeships in meeting current and AND improving their skills throughout their careers, and employers meet their workforce needs.


No significant impact to cyber attacks – probability, current defense checks, and too difficult to coordinate

    • Gartzke and Lindsay '15** ~~[Erik Gartzke is professor of political science at the University of California, San Diego. Jon R. Lindsay is assistant professor of digital media and global affairs at the Munk School of Global Affairs, University of Toronto. Weaving Tangled Webs: Offense, Defense, and Deception in Cyberspace, Security Studies, 24:316–348, 2015.~~]

Indeed, the US Department of Defense gets attacked ten million times a day; AND for a more general tendency toward offense dominance across the entire cyber domain.


Case

Stop playing around, the aff seeks to escape the sovereign and educate for the sake of education but for whom gets access to the endless education, who can abandon the potential income of capital, the exact people who they attempt to defend. The affirmative needs to stop playing around and do something for the people they use to get impacts.

The aff is not a complete politics – their method of study cannot defend or sustain itself which guarantees backlash and re-appropriation.

    • Ford 17** – (Derek R., Prof of Education at DePauw University, PhD Syracuse, "Studying like a communist: Affect, the Party, and the educational limits to capitalism," Incorporating ACCESS, Volume 49, 2017 - Issue 5, Pages 452-461)//a-berg

Studying is, like the crowd event, a beautiful moment of encounter, the AND foreclosed as the crowd is dispersed through redirection, exhaustion, or repression.


Agamben's ontological rendering of political events is reductive – their analytical tunnel vision prevents nuanced understandings of power which can actualize resistance.

Andrew Robinson, January 21, 2011 "Giorgio Agamben: destroying sovereignty," http://ceasefiremagazine.co.uk/in-theory-giorgio-agamben-destroying-sovereignty/)//a-berg My main concern with Agamben's theory arises from some degree of scepticism regarding the assumption AND the state-as-arbiter and the state-as-distributor)?


fw

Interpretation: the affirmative should defend the desirability of a topical plan that affirms the United States federal government should substantially increase its funding and/or regulation of elementary and/or secondary education in the United States.

A. "United States Federal Government should" means the debate is solely about the outcome of a policy established by governmental means

    • Ericson, 3** (Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater's Guide, Third Edition, p. 4)

The Proposition of Policy: Urging Future Action In policy propositions, each topic contains AND compelling reasons for an audience to perform the future action that you propose.


B. The word "Resolved" before the colon reflects a legislative forum

The colon introduces the following: a. A list, but only after " AND resolved:" Resolved: (colon) That this council petition the mayor.


C. Violation: The affirmative advocates a deconstruction of the narrative of the Federal government and education, not increased funding by the United States federal government

D. Vote Negative -

1. Institutional knowledge – our framework prioritizes a method of democratic engagement and commitment to participatory change - the affirmative's criteria for political change causes a fracturing of politics and trades off with genuine political change.

However, politics is no less important to many of us today. Politics still AND peers and colleagues at the level of political or intellectual debate and organisation.


    • ====2. Deliberative dialogue - the resolution provides fair, limited balance of ground to both the aff and the neg – discarding the opportunity of focus provided by the resolution turns debate into a monologue which guts all benefits of the activity. ====**
    • Hanghoj 08** – PhD, assistant professor, School of Education, University of Aarhus, also affiliated with the Danish Research Centre on Education and Advanced Media Materials, located at the Institute of Literature, Media and Cultural Studies at the University of Southern Denmark ~~[Thorkild, PLAYFUL KNOWLEDGE An Explorative Study of Educational Gaming, PhD Dissertation Institute of Literature, Media and Cultural Studies University of Southern Denmark 2008, http://static.sdu.dk/mediafiles/Files/Information_til/Studerende_ved_SDU/Din_uddannelse/phd_hum/afhandlinger/2009/ThorkilHanghoej.pdf~~]

3.3.1. Balancing teaching and gaming Debate games are often AND dialogue as an end in itself" (Wegerif, 2006: 61).


3. These impacts outweigh - effective deliberative training coupled with institutional knowledge is key to effective challenges to oppression—the content of debates is irrelevant, it's about repeatedly practicing the form of switch-side skepticism

My analysis of the Solutions controversy has revealed one such opportunity: the potential for AND create political space within which alternative conceptions of politics can be developed.30


k

Judge has a priori ethical obligation to reject capitalism

Zizek & Daly 4-(Slavoj, PhD in Philosophy @ the University of Ljubljana, Senior Research in Sociology @ the University of Ljubljana, Professor of Philosophy and Psychoanalysis @ the European Graduate School, has been a visiting professor @ University of Chicago, Columbia University, Princeton, University of London, and NYU, International Director of the Birkbeck Institute for the Humanities, president of the Society for Theoretical Psychoanalysis, and Glyn, has been a Professor @ Essex University and Manchester University, Conversations with Zizek page 14-16) For Zizek it is imperative that we cut through this Gordian knot of postmodern protocol AND abject Other to that of a 'glitch' in an otherwise sound matrix.


Its try or die—Capitalism's narcissistic drive makes democratization of the market impossible—humanity is at a crossroads—the timeframe is now

Richard A. **Smith 7**, Research Associate at the Institute for Policy Research & Development, UK; PhD in History from UCLA, June 2007, "The Eco-suicidal Economics of Adam Smith," Capitalism Nature Socialism, Vol. 18, No. 2, p. 22-43 So there you have it: insatiable growth and consumption is destroying the planet and AND a practical working socialist democracy, or we face ecological and social collapse.


Their rejection of education as a space of productivity is actively hostile to an anti-capitalist orientation – ethics demand that we utilize spaces such as debate to generate an anti-capitalist pedagogy that can play a fundamental role in shaping the material relations of power.

In opposition to these positions, I want to reclaim a tradition in radical educational AND through new forms of pedagogical praxis, global protests, and collective resistance.


Capitalism results in a death drive that makes structural violence and sacrificial genocide

According to Franz Hinkelammert, the West has repeatedly been under the illusion that it AND to pay the health costs of the world's poorest countries for four years.


Voting negative refuses the affirmative in favor of Historical Materialist Pedagogy. International inequality is sutured by the unequal circulation of capital. Without revolutionary theory, there can be no revolutionary moment. Only starting from the structural antagonisms produced by wage labor can lead to transformative politics.

    • Ebert '9** ~~[Teresa, Associate Professor of English, State University of New York at Albany, THE TASK OF CULTURAL CRITIQUE, pp. 92-95~~]

Unlike these rewritings, which reaffirm in a somewhat new language the system of wage AND Instead, the pedagogy of critique is a worldly teaching of the worldly.


k

Judge has a priori ethical obligation to reject capitalism

Zizek & Daly 4-(Slavoj, PhD in Philosophy @ the University of Ljubljana, Senior Research in Sociology @ the University of Ljubljana, Professor of Philosophy and Psychoanalysis @ the European Graduate School, has been a visiting professor @ University of Chicago, Columbia University, Princeton, University of London, and NYU, International Director of the Birkbeck Institute for the Humanities, president of the Society for Theoretical Psychoanalysis, and Glyn, has been a Professor @ Essex University and Manchester University, Conversations with Zizek page 14-16) For Zizek it is imperative that we cut through this Gordian knot of postmodern protocol AND abject Other to that of a 'glitch' in an otherwise sound matrix.


Its try or die—Capitalism's narcissistic drive makes democratization of the market impossible—humanity is at a crossroads—the timeframe is now

Richard A. **Smith 7**, Research Associate at the Institute for Policy Research & Development, UK; PhD in History from UCLA, June 2007, "The Eco-suicidal Economics of Adam Smith," Capitalism Nature Socialism, Vol. 18, No. 2, p. 22-43 So there you have it: insatiable growth and consumption is destroying the planet and AND a practical working socialist democracy, or we face ecological and social collapse.


Describing what the government should do ignores personal responsibility and assumes a false neutrality—only the alt can break the cycle of demands

Herod 1 (James, "A Stake, Not a Mistake: On Not Seeing the Enemy", October, 2001, http://www.jamesherod.info/index.php?sec=paper&id=9&print=y&PHPSESSID=4387a9147ad42723ea101944dd538914)

Let's take another example. Russell Mokhiber and Robert Weissman, otherwise very AND , and states and governments, they could begin to see another way.


Liberal capitalism is another name for totalitarianism of the market, another mode of subjectivization

Lazzarato 13- sociologist and philosopher, Researcher @ Matisse / CNRS (Paris I University), member of the International College of Philosophy in Paris ~~[Maurizio, "Governmentality in the current crisis," March, 2013, translation by Arianna Bove, lecture delivered in Berlin in 2013, http://www.generation-online.org/p/fp_lazzarato7.htm, DKP~~] Disclaimer: In the time intervened between my work on the government of inequalities, AND of the first intervention. First for the markets, second against society.


Capitalism results in a death drive that makes structural violence and sacrificial genocide

According to Franz Hinkelammert, the West has repeatedly been under the illusion that it AND to pay the health costs of the world's poorest countries for four years.


Voting negative refuses the affirmative in favor of Historical Materialist Pedagogy. International inequality is sutured by the unequal circulation of capital. Without revolutionary theory, there can be no revolutionary moment. Only starting from the structural antagonisms produced by wage labor can lead to transformative politics.

    • Ebert '9** ~~[Teresa, Associate Professor of English, State University of New York at Albany, THE TASK OF CULTURAL CRITIQUE, pp. 92-95~~]

Unlike these rewritings, which reaffirm in a somewhat new language the system of wage AND Instead, the pedagogy of critique is a worldly teaching of the worldly.


cp

The Fifty United States and all relevant territories should eliminate funding for Abstinence-only sex education and fully fund programs for comprehensive sexuality education in primary and secondary schools in line with the National Sexuality Education Standards.

States are key to education and preventing "one size fits all" programs. The CP also aligns responsibility and moves towards a more practical decision calculus.

    • Kelly and Hess** 9/15/**2015** ~~[Andrew P. Kelly is a resident scholar and director of the Center on Higher Education Reform at the American Entrprise Institute. Frederick M. Hess is director of education policy studies at the American Enterprise Institute and author of the new book, "Letters to a Young Education Reformer." More Than a Slogan Here are five good reasons federalism is so important in education. https://www.usnews.com/opinion/knowledge-bank/2015/09/15/5-reasons-federalism-in-education-matters~~] Calculus BC

It's a matter of size. Education advocates suffer from severe bouts of Finland and AND is both accountable to the public and dynamic enough to meet today's challenges.


Despite these federal efforts, sex education policy is mostly decentralized. And, since AND five require that it be due to a family's religious or moral beliefs.


da

Trump dedicated to reducing federal influence in education now

The Washington Times 2017 (S.A. Miller, Reporter for The Washington Times, "Trump to pull feds out of K-12 education", April 26^^th^^ 2017, http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/apr/26/donald-trump-pull-feds-out-k-12-education/, accessed 6/3/17, JK) President Trump signed an executive order Wednesday to start pulling the federal government out of AND teachers and parents to make the decisions that help their students achieve success."


Federalism on sex ed threatens national unity; causes fissures in morality issues

Ross Douthat had an admirable column earlier this week arguing that, because we don't AND prefer proximity in law-making, or e pluribus unum in culture?


American federalism is modeled globally

    • Stepan et al 11** (Alfred Stepan is the Wallace Sayre Professor of Government at Columbia University. His books include Democracies in Danger, Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation, and The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes, all also published by Johns Hopkins, the last two with Juan J. Linz. Juan J. Linz is Sterling Professor Emeritus of Political and Social Science at Yale University. In addition to the works coauthored and coedited with Professor Stepan, Professor Linz has published works on democracy, democratization, and comparative politics, including Sultanistic Regimes, also published by Johns Hopkins. Yogendra Yadav is the codirector of Lokniti and a Senior Fellow with the Center for the Study of Developing Societies (CSDS), Delhi, India. He has written articles for Hindi- and English-language newspapers and magazines, is a member of the editorial collective of the monthly Hindi-language magazine Samayik Varta, and is the general editor of Lokchintan Granthamala, a four-volume series on social science published in Hindi. Crafting State-Nations: India and Other Multinational Democracies, "Ch 8: The U.S. Federal Model and Multinational Societies," Johns Hopkins University Press, January 2011.)

The purpose of this chapter is to explore the question ' how appropriate or inappropriate AND is it neutral in its impact. or could it be particularly hartnful?


Decentralized education federalism in particular is a crucial model for governance-building in fragile states

Decentralized federal constitutions are characterized by fairly autonomous provinces and a weak central authority in AND Nigeria would probably not have survived without some form of decentralized governance.34


Endemic fragile statehood makes terrorist deployment of chemical and nuclear weapons inevitable – causes extinction

The greatest threat to global security is the rapidly increasing number of failed states. AND privatized" and then sold to rogue states or non-state actors.


Case

Alt cause – phobias

Alt causes to homophobia.

    • LGBT resource Center 2010** ~~[Homophobia pg. 2-3~~] Calculus BC

WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF HOMOPHOBIA?  Personal (internalized)homophobia (prejudice AND . Therefore, same‐sex sexuality will certainly be feared or damned.


Alt causes to transphobia

    • Monro 2k5** ~~[Surya Monro, author of Gender Politics: Citizenship, Activism and Sexual Diversity, Pluto press. Surya Monro has been involved in gender and sexuality activism for over 15 years. She is Senior Research Fellow in the Policy Research Institute at Leeds Metropolitan University. She has published in various refereed journals, has taught in the field and has spoken at a range of national and international conferences.~~] Calculus BC

Research evidence shows that transphobia can be linked to the dominance of a range of AND gender and sexual expression, as freer expression would destabilise existing power structures.


Advantage-heteronormative

Sex ed reproduces discrimination at the level of the body by promoting patriarchal, heteronormative, and white supremacist structures.

    • McNeill 13** ~~[Tanya McNeill received her PhD in Sociology with a Certificate in Feminist Studies from the University of California at Santa Cruz in 2008. She has taught in Women's and Gender Studies, LGBT Studies and Sociology at the University of Wisconsin Eau Claire, Wellesley College, the University of California at Davis, and the University of California at Santa Cruz. Her research interests include the production of knowledge about the family, the regulation of gender, race, sexuality, and class, childhood and gender, and LGBT advocacy. Her essay, 'A nation of families: The codification and (be)longings of heteropatriarchy' was published in Toward a Sociology of the Trace in 2010. She currently lives in Eugene, Oregon, where she is researching cultural and political representations of gender creative (or gender non-conforming) children. file:///C:/Users/Benny/Downloads/sex%20education%20and%20the%20promotion%20of%20heteronormativity.pdf "Sex education and the promotion of heteronormativity" pg. 3~~] Calculus BC

Schools, as sites of the production of citizens, exert a powerfully disciplining force AND both public policy and interpersonal interactions (including those between teachers and students).


Advantage

Funding for comprehensive sex education is low now—federal direction is important because it sends a MESSAGE about priorities to all levels of the government.

Over the past two decades, the United States has spent approximately $2 billion AND comprehensive sex education programs that teach both abstinence and contraception as important components.


Federal action is key to coordination—status quo implementation results in a patchwork of inconsistent practices.

    • JAH 16 ~~[Journal of Adolescent Health Editorial. "The State of Sex Education in the United States." Journal of Adolescent Health 58 (2016) 595-597. SH.~~]**

At the federal level, the U.S. congress has continued to substantially AND , it is no wonder that state practices are so disparate ~~[4~~].


And historically, US sex education has reinforced hegemonic forms of heteronormativity, racism, classism, and ableism. Both status quo versions of abstinence only and comprehensive sexual education entrench these paradigms by focusing on preventing sex and sexually transmitted diseases rather than investigating the complex social and political factors that influence sexuality.

While school-based sexuality education has been taught in the USA since 1913, AND do not disaggregate this group enough to be helpful (Tepper, 2005).


Status quo evidence-based sexual education policy re-entrenches a heteronormative view of gender and sexuality that has multiple impacts from a decrease in sexual health to exclusion, violence, domestic abuse and lack of sexual agency.

    • Schalet, Santelli, and Russell et al. 2014 **~~[Schalet, A.T., Santelli, J.S., Russell, S.T. et al. "Invited Commentary: Broadening the Evidence for Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health and Education in the United States." J Youth Adolescence (2014) 43: 1595. doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0178-8. SPS.~~]

We have argued that Evidence Based Interventions often do not reflect factors that the broad AND curricula—and include tools to help students address and challenge these beliefs.


Sexuality is structured by a political culture of negativity that enforces punitive and restrictive frameworks—producing alternatives is necessary to politicize sexuality.

It is impossible to think with any clarity about the politics of race or gender AND act is, the more it is depicted as a uniformly bad experience.


Plan

The United States federal government should fully fund sexual education in the United States and mandate that all federal funding for sexual education meet the criteria established by the Real Education for Healthy Youth act, or REHYA.

Solvency

Federally mandated standards for inclusive and medically accurate sexual education are key and spill over to states and local organizations

As Advocates for Youth explains, if passed, REHYA would be the first federal AND could have a broader reach than just the programs it would directly fund.


US federal sexual health policy should be scientifically based and inclusive of all marginalized students. SexEd policy that acknowledges the role that structural and contextual factors play is essential to break down the hegemonic ideologies surround sexuality in the status quo

    • Schalet, Santelli, and Russell et al. 2014 **~~[Schalet, A.T., Santelli, J.S., Russell, S.T. et al. "Invited Commentary: Broadening the Evidence for Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health and Education in the United States." J Youth Adolescence (2014) 43: 1595. doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0178-8. SPS.~~]

US federal sexual health policy has come a long way since the introduction of AOUM AND efforts will be best positioned to promote adolescent health and well-being.


Critical pedagogy and anti-oppressive education in the context of inclusive sexual education leads to a democratic form of engagement focused on lived experiences that is capable of challenging current dominant ideologies surrounding sex and sexuality.

Two useful theoretical and practical (not that these two features are neatly separable) AND education possible in the interest of enhancing the quality of their sexual health.


Inclusive frameworks for sexual education should incorporate concepts of desire that challenge the state and the religious right's attempts to shape educational policy. Rather than move away from the state and giving up on sexual education, we should engage in a politics of wanting that demands publicly subsidized educational, social, and interpersonal opportunities for youth. An interrogation into the way the state intersects with sexual bodies is essential to critical thinking and political action, schools and the policies that shape them are a critical starting point.

    • Fine and McClelland 2006 **~~[MICHELLE FINE and SARA McCLELLAND (2006) Sexuality Education and Desire: Still Missing after All These Years. Harvard Educational Review: September 2006, Vol. 76, No. 3, pp. 297-338. SPS.~~]

Thick desire places sexual activity for all people, regardless of age or gender, AND are dying for good conversation about sexuality, and are dying without it.


Framing

Don't prioritize large scale spectacles of violence—everyday acts of dehumanization produce a will to violence that makes large scale conflicts possible

    • Kappeler 1995 ~~[Susanne. Former lecturer in English at the University of East Anglia and an Associate Professor at the School of Humanities and Social Sciences. The Will to Violence: The Politics of Personal Behavior. Polity Press. ISBN 0 7456 130555. Pg. at bottom~~]**

A decision to violate is not necessarily synonymous with a decision to be 'bad' AND attacks, of murder and destruction possible at all. 7-9


Sexuality is uniquely key to this culture of violence—sexual panics are deeply tied to the reproduction of structural violence and its ideological legitimation

    • Herdt 09 ~~[Gilbert. June 2009. Professor of Human Sexuality Studies and Anthropology and a Founder of the Department of Sexuality Studies and National Sexuality Resource Center at San Francisco State University. "Introduction: Moral Panics, Sexual Rights, and Cultural Anger." Moral Panics, Sex Panics: Fear and the Fight over Sexual Rights. NYU Press. SH.~~]**

Human societies across time and space often have experienced times of dread, anxiety, AND to do it, and that everyone should do it that way.10