Difference between revisions of "Rhombus of K Db8 RJ"

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=1AC=
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==Advantage==
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====Funding for comprehensive sex education is low now—federal direction is important because it sends a MESSAGE about priorities to all levels of the government.  ====
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**Donovan 3/30/2017** (Megan K. Donovan, Guttmacher Institute, "The Looming Threat to Sex Education: A Resurgence of Federal Funding for Abstinence-Only Programs?", March 30, 2017, < https://www.guttmacher.org/gpr/2017/03/looming-threat-sex-education-resurgence-federal-funding-abstinence-only-programs>)//PS
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Over the past two decades, the United States has spent approximately $2 billion
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AND
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comprehensive sex education programs that teach both abstinence and contraception as important components.
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 +
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**====Federal action is key to coordination—status quo implementation results in a patchwork of inconsistent practices. ====**
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**JAH 16 ~~[Journal of Adolescent Health Editorial. "The State of Sex Education in the United States." Journal of Adolescent Health 58 (2016) 595-597. SH.~~]**
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At the federal level, the U.S. congress has continued to substantially
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AND
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, it is no wonder that state practices are so disparate ~~[4~~].
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 +
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====And historically, US sex education has reinforced hegemonic forms of heteronormativity, racism, classism, and ableism. Both status quo versions of abstinence only and comprehensive sexual education entrench these paradigms by focusing on preventing sex and sexually transmitted diseases rather than investigating the complex social and political factors that influence sexuality.====
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**Elia and Tokunaga, 2015 ~~[**John P. Elia, Jessica Tokunaga, (2015) "Sexuality education: implications for health, equity, and social justice in the United States", Health Education, Vol. 115 Issue: 1, pp.105-120, https://doi-org.ezproxy.lib.utexas.edu/10.1108/HE-01-2014-0001. SPS~~]
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While school-based sexuality education has been taught in the USA since 1913,
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AND
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do not disaggregate this group enough to be helpful (Tepper, 2005).
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====Status quo evidence-based sexual education policy re-entrenches a heteronormative view of gender and sexuality that has multiple impacts from a decrease in sexual health to exclusion, violence, domestic abuse and lack of sexual agency. ====
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**Schalet, Santelli, and Russell et al. 2014 **~~[Schalet, A.T., Santelli, J.S., Russell, S.T. et al. "Invited Commentary: Broadening the Evidence for Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health and Education in the United States." J Youth Adolescence (2014) 43: 1595. doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0178-8. SPS.~~]
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We have argued that Evidence Based Interventions often do not reflect factors that the broad
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AND
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curricula—and include tools to help students address and challenge these beliefs.
 +
 +
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**====Sexuality is structured by a political culture of negativity that enforces punitive and restrictive frameworks—producing alternatives is necessary to politicize sexuality. ====**
 +
**Rubin 1984 ~~[Gayle S. Associate Professor of Anthropology and Women's Studies at the University of Michigan. "Thinking Sex: Notes for a Radical Theory of the Politics of Sexuality." Pleasure and Danger. Ed. Carole Vance. **http://sites.middlebury.edu/sexandsociety/files/2015/01/Rubin-Thinking-Sex.pdf**. SH~~]**
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It is impossible to think with any clarity about the politics of race or gender
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AND
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act is, the more it is depicted as a uniformly bad experience.
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 +
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==Plan==
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====The United States federal government should fully fund sexual education in the United States and mandate that all federal funding for sexual education meet the criteria established by the Real Education for Healthy Youth act, or REHYA.====
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==Solvency==
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**====Federally mandated standards for inclusive and medically accurate sexual education are key and spill over to states and local organizations====**
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**Kempner 16 ~~[Martha. May 10, 2016. Martha Kempner is a writer, consultant, and sexual health expert. "Fewer Young People Are Getting Formal Sex Education, But Can a New Federal Bill Change That?" Rewire. **https://rewire.news/article/2016/05/10/fewer-young-people-getting-formal-sex-education-can-new-federal-bill-change/**. SH~~]**
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As Advocates for Youth explains, if passed, REHYA would be the first federal
 +
AND
 +
could have a broader reach than just the programs it would directly fund.
 +
 +
 +
====US federal sexual health policy should be scientifically based and inclusive of all marginalized students. SexEd policy that acknowledges the role that structural and contextual factors play is essential to break down the hegemonic ideologies surround sexuality in the status quo====
 +
**Schalet, Santelli, and Russell et al. 2014 **~~[Schalet, A.T., Santelli, J.S., Russell, S.T. et al. "Invited Commentary: Broadening the Evidence for Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health and Education in the United States." J Youth Adolescence (2014) 43: 1595. doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0178-8. SPS.~~]
 +
US federal sexual health policy has come a long way since the introduction of AOUM
 +
AND
 +
efforts will be best positioned to promote adolescent health and well-being.
 +
 +
 +
====Critical pedagogy and anti-oppressive education in the context of inclusive sexual education leads to a democratic form of engagement focused on lived experiences that is capable of challenging current dominant ideologies surrounding sex and sexuality.====
 +
**Elia and Tokunaga, 2015 ~~[**John P. Elia, Jessica Tokunaga, (2015) "Sexuality education: implications for health, equity, and social justice in the United States", Health Education, Vol. 115 Issue: 1, pp.105-120, https://doi-org.ezproxy.lib.utexas.edu/10.1108/HE-01-2014-0001. SPS~~]
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Two useful theoretical and practical (not that these two features are neatly separable)
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AND
 +
education possible in the interest of enhancing the quality of their sexual health.
 +
 +
 +
====Inclusive frameworks for sexual education should incorporate concepts of desire that challenge the state and the religious right's attempts to shape educational policy. Rather than move away from the state and giving up on sexual education, we should engage in a politics of wanting that demands publicly subsidized educational, social, and interpersonal opportunities for youth. An interrogation into the way the state intersects with sexual bodies is essential to critical thinking and political action, schools and the policies that shape them are a critical starting point. ====
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**Fine and McClelland 2006 **~~[MICHELLE FINE and SARA McCLELLAND (2006) Sexuality Education and Desire: Still Missing after All These Years. Harvard Educational Review: September 2006, Vol. 76, No. 3, pp. 297-338. SPS.~~]
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Thick desire places sexual activity for all people, regardless of age or gender,
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AND
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are dying for good conversation about sexuality, and are dying without it.
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 +
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==Framing==
 +
 +
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**====Don't prioritize large scale spectacles of violence—everyday acts of dehumanization produce a will to violence that makes large scale conflicts possible====**
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**Kappeler 1995 ~~[Susanne. Former lecturer in English at the University of East Anglia and an Associate Professor at the School of Humanities and Social Sciences. The Will to Violence: The Politics of Personal Behavior. Polity Press. ISBN 0 7456 130555. Pg. at bottom~~]**
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A decision to violate is not necessarily synonymous with a decision to be 'bad'
 +
AND
 +
attacks, of murder and destruction possible at all.
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7-9
 +
 +
 +
**====Sexuality is uniquely key to this culture of violence—sexual panics are deeply tied to the reproduction of structural violence and its ideological legitimation====**
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**Herdt 09 ~~[Gilbert. June 2009. Professor of Human Sexuality Studies and Anthropology and a Founder of the Department of Sexuality Studies and National Sexuality Resource Center at San Francisco State University. "Introduction: Moral Panics, Sexual Rights, and Cultural Anger." Moral Panics, Sex Panics: Fear and the Fight over Sexual Rights. NYU Press. SH.~~]**
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Human societies across time and space often have experienced times of dread, anxiety,
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AND
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to do it, and that everyone should do it that way.10
  
  

Revision as of 17:30, 20 July 2017


Contents

1AC

Advantage

Funding for comprehensive sex education is low now—federal direction is important because it sends a MESSAGE about priorities to all levels of the government.

Over the past two decades, the United States has spent approximately $2 billion AND comprehensive sex education programs that teach both abstinence and contraception as important components.


    • ====Federal action is key to coordination—status quo implementation results in a patchwork of inconsistent practices. ====**
    • JAH 16 ~~[Journal of Adolescent Health Editorial. "The State of Sex Education in the United States." Journal of Adolescent Health 58 (2016) 595-597. SH.~~]**

At the federal level, the U.S. congress has continued to substantially AND , it is no wonder that state practices are so disparate ~~[4~~].


And historically, US sex education has reinforced hegemonic forms of heteronormativity, racism, classism, and ableism. Both status quo versions of abstinence only and comprehensive sexual education entrench these paradigms by focusing on preventing sex and sexually transmitted diseases rather than investigating the complex social and political factors that influence sexuality.

While school-based sexuality education has been taught in the USA since 1913, AND do not disaggregate this group enough to be helpful (Tepper, 2005).


Status quo evidence-based sexual education policy re-entrenches a heteronormative view of gender and sexuality that has multiple impacts from a decrease in sexual health to exclusion, violence, domestic abuse and lack of sexual agency.

    • Schalet, Santelli, and Russell et al. 2014 **~~[Schalet, A.T., Santelli, J.S., Russell, S.T. et al. "Invited Commentary: Broadening the Evidence for Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health and Education in the United States." J Youth Adolescence (2014) 43: 1595. doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0178-8. SPS.~~]

We have argued that Evidence Based Interventions often do not reflect factors that the broad AND curricula—and include tools to help students address and challenge these beliefs.


    • ====Sexuality is structured by a political culture of negativity that enforces punitive and restrictive frameworks—producing alternatives is necessary to politicize sexuality. ====**
    • Rubin 1984 ~~[Gayle S. Associate Professor of Anthropology and Women's Studies at the University of Michigan. "Thinking Sex: Notes for a Radical Theory of the Politics of Sexuality." Pleasure and Danger. Ed. Carole Vance. **http://sites.middlebury.edu/sexandsociety/files/2015/01/Rubin-Thinking-Sex.pdf**. SH~~]**

It is impossible to think with any clarity about the politics of race or gender AND act is, the more it is depicted as a uniformly bad experience.


Plan

The United States federal government should fully fund sexual education in the United States and mandate that all federal funding for sexual education meet the criteria established by the Real Education for Healthy Youth act, or REHYA.

Solvency

As Advocates for Youth explains, if passed, REHYA would be the first federal AND could have a broader reach than just the programs it would directly fund.


US federal sexual health policy should be scientifically based and inclusive of all marginalized students. SexEd policy that acknowledges the role that structural and contextual factors play is essential to break down the hegemonic ideologies surround sexuality in the status quo

    • Schalet, Santelli, and Russell et al. 2014 **~~[Schalet, A.T., Santelli, J.S., Russell, S.T. et al. "Invited Commentary: Broadening the Evidence for Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health and Education in the United States." J Youth Adolescence (2014) 43: 1595. doi:10.1007/s10964-014-0178-8. SPS.~~]

US federal sexual health policy has come a long way since the introduction of AOUM AND efforts will be best positioned to promote adolescent health and well-being.


Critical pedagogy and anti-oppressive education in the context of inclusive sexual education leads to a democratic form of engagement focused on lived experiences that is capable of challenging current dominant ideologies surrounding sex and sexuality.

Two useful theoretical and practical (not that these two features are neatly separable) AND education possible in the interest of enhancing the quality of their sexual health.


Inclusive frameworks for sexual education should incorporate concepts of desire that challenge the state and the religious right's attempts to shape educational policy. Rather than move away from the state and giving up on sexual education, we should engage in a politics of wanting that demands publicly subsidized educational, social, and interpersonal opportunities for youth. An interrogation into the way the state intersects with sexual bodies is essential to critical thinking and political action, schools and the policies that shape them are a critical starting point.

    • Fine and McClelland 2006 **~~[MICHELLE FINE and SARA McCLELLAND (2006) Sexuality Education and Desire: Still Missing after All These Years. Harvard Educational Review: September 2006, Vol. 76, No. 3, pp. 297-338. SPS.~~]

Thick desire places sexual activity for all people, regardless of age or gender, AND are dying for good conversation about sexuality, and are dying without it.


Framing

    • ====Don't prioritize large scale spectacles of violence—everyday acts of dehumanization produce a will to violence that makes large scale conflicts possible====**
    • Kappeler 1995 ~~[Susanne. Former lecturer in English at the University of East Anglia and an Associate Professor at the School of Humanities and Social Sciences. The Will to Violence: The Politics of Personal Behavior. Polity Press. ISBN 0 7456 130555. Pg. at bottom~~]**

A decision to violate is not necessarily synonymous with a decision to be 'bad' AND attacks, of murder and destruction possible at all. 7-9


    • ====Sexuality is uniquely key to this culture of violence—sexual panics are deeply tied to the reproduction of structural violence and its ideological legitimation====**
    • Herdt 09 ~~[Gilbert. June 2009. Professor of Human Sexuality Studies and Anthropology and a Founder of the Department of Sexuality Studies and National Sexuality Resource Center at San Francisco State University. "Introduction: Moral Panics, Sexual Rights, and Cultural Anger." Moral Panics, Sex Panics: Fear and the Fight over Sexual Rights. NYU Press. SH.~~]**

Human societies across time and space often have experienced times of dread, anxiety, AND to do it, and that everyone should do it that way.10



1NC Against SP1

T

A) Interpretation: "Primary and secondary education" refers to schooling ranging from elementary to high school education

    • U.S. Department of Education 8** (International Affairs Office, U.S. Department of Education, Feb 2008. "Organization of U.S. Education: The School Level,")

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS Primary schools are called elementary schools, intermediate (upper primary AND different interests and capabilities who follow different educational tracks within the same school.


B) "Education" is prescribed classroom instruction

Education (noun): The act or process of educating; the result of educating AND education for the bar or the pulpit; he has finished his education.


C) Violation: the plan funds teaching certification programs, which are postsecondary education —

    • Putnam 81** (John F. Putnam, National Center for Education Statistics. "Postsecondary Student Terminology: A Handbook of Terms and Definitions for Describing Students in Postsecondary Education," March 1981.)

A postsecondary education institution is defined as an academic, vocational, technical, home AND FICE Report,, vol. 1, no. 3 (June 1974).


D) Prefer our interpretation:

1) Limits – allowing affirmatives to fund or regulate postsecondary education drastically and unfairly expands the negative's research burden –

2) Ground – postsecondary education skirts the core controversy of federal vs. state regulation of schools – eliminates core generics specific to public education1NC – DA

DA

Trump dedicated to reducing federal influence in education now

The Washington Times 2017 (S.A. Miller, Reporter for The Washington Times, "Trump to pull feds out of K-12 education", April 26^^th^^ 2017, http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/apr/26/donald-trump-pull-feds-out-k-12-education/, accessed 6/3/17, JK) President Trump signed an executive order Wednesday to start pulling the federal government out of AND teachers and parents to make the decisions that help their students achieve success."


Increased, sudden federal involvement in state education increases federal-state conflict.

McGuinn 2015 (Patrick, associate professor of political science and education at Drew University, "Schooling the State: ESEA and the Evolution of the U.S. Department of Education", The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, 1(3), 77–94 (2015), Published December 17^^th^^ 2015, http://www.rsfjournal.org/doi/full/10.7758/RSF.2015.1.3.04, accessed 6/3/17, jk) This article provides an overview of the evolution of national administrative capacity and the implementation AND , these tensions are particularly illuminated and exacerbated" (1968, vii).


Federalism maintains sanctuary cities, scaling back mass deportation

The looming fight over sanctuary cities is an example of how federalism and constitutional limitations AND cooperate with it. And they will have the Constitution on their side.


Deportation increase industrial ag, GMOs, pesticides

    • Meierotto 10/5/15** Lisa Meierotto, Ph.D., is a lecturer in the Foundational Studies Program at Boise State University. She earned her Ph.D. in anthropology from the University of Washington, and also holds an M.A. in international development and environment from Clark University. Meierotto's research focuses on the human rights of migrants and environmental ramifications of undocumented immigration. https://thebluereview.org/food-and-immigration-food-systems-and-food-security/

More recently, I have been considering the ways in which mass deportation policy as AND wages, farm worker protection and sustainable production lies right here at home.


Industrial ag = food collapse

Industrial agriculture in the United States has only been in place since the mid AND to rapidly changing climate conditions and will help to ensure food security.


Biggest extinction risk

Julian **Cribb**, principal of JCA, fellow of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering, **2010**, The Coming Famine: The Global Food Crisis and What We Can Do to Avoid It, http://books.google.com/books?id=Tv0zXxbQ7toC&printsec=frontcover&dq=the+coming+famine&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RR_mT7OYFKeq2gXP5tHZCQ&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAA~~#v=onepage&q=the%20coming%20famine&f=false The character of human conflict has also changed: since the early 1990S, more AND changes, because of the synergetic character of the things that power it.


Case

Advanced Manufacturing

Aff can't solve advanced manufacturing—public perception of manufacturing decline dissuades prospective workers

PCAST 2014 ~~[President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology,an advisory group of the Nation's leading scientists and engineers, appointed by the President to augment the science and technology advice available to him from inside the White House and from cabinet departments and other Federal agencies ~| "REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT ACCELERATING U.S. ADVANCED MANUFACTURING" PCAST Report October 2014 ~| https://www.manufacturingusa.com/sites/prod/files/amp20_report_final.pdf ~~] Shifting the Misconceptions the Public Holds of Manufacturing: For decades, workers flocked to AND advanced manufacturing and product realization starting at early ages and through graduate education.


Bioprinting lowers the threshold for a bioterror attack

Snow 2015 ~~[Jennifer J., , Chief of Air Force ISR Integration for Air Force Agency for Modeling and Simulation ~| "Entering the matrix: the challenge of regulating Radical Leveling Technologies" Masters thesis at the Naval Postgraduate School ~| http://calhoun.nps.edu/bitstream/handle/10945/47874/15Dec_Snow_Jennifer.pdf?sequence=1~~] RLT = Radical Leveling Technologies Three-dimensional bioprinting is the process by which a modified 3D printer uses cells AND . "For a few thousand dollars you can get the Ebola genome."


Competitiveness not key to heg

Wohlforth et al., Dartmouth government professor, 2008 (William, World out of Balance, International Relations and the Challenge of American Primacy, pg 32-5, ldg) American primacy is also rooted in the county's position as the world's leading technological power AND until the distribution of capabilities changes fundamentally. The next section explains why.


Their ev is from 2012 – there has been no laps in power or war

Automation doesn't kill manufacturing employment—Germany, Sweden and South Korea prove

Andes & Muro 2015 ~~[Scott, Associate and Associate Fellow - Centennial Scholar Initiative, Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Initiative on Innovation and Placemaking; Mark, Senior Fellow and Policy Director - Metropolitan Policy Program ~| "Don't blame the robots for lost manufacturing jobs" Brookings Institute 4/29/15 ~| https://www.brookings.edu/blog/the-avenue/2015/04/29/dont-blame-the-robots-for-lost-manufacturing-jobs/ ~~] However, this new evidence poses a question: Has productivity growth from robots come AND time frame studied here they cannot be said to have caused job losses.


Auto Nation

Plan can't solve alternate causes of unemployment—specialization, labor market inflexibility, financial crises

Although the labor market report on Friday showed modest job growth, employment opportunities remain AND do with modern technology, and it will be with us for some time


No unemployment crisis – production gains offset employment costs

    • Manyika et al 17** (James Manyika Director, McKinsey Global Institute; Senior Partner, McKinsey & Company San Francisco. "A FUTURE THAT WORKS: AUTOMATION, EMPLOYMENT, AND PRODUCTIVITY," January 2017.)

A recurring question about automation is its effect on employment. Many forecasters paint a AND higher-level capabilities, especially those that require social and emotional ones.


Economic collapse doesn't cause war

Daniel **Drezner 14**, IR prof at Tufts, The System Worked: Global Economic Governance during the Great Recession, World Politics, Volume 66. Number 1, January 2014, pp. 123-164 The final significant outcome addresses a dog that hasn't barked: the effect of the AND surge in protectionist nationalism or ethnic exclusion that might have been expected."43


Aff can't solve for adaptive workforce education—accelerating changes will require constant re-education and certification

The Economist 2016 ~~[ "Automation and Anxiety: Will Smarter Machines Cause Mass Unemployment," The Economist, Special Report on Artificial Intelligence, 6/25/16 ~| http://www.economist.com/news/special-report/21700758-will-smarter-machines-cause-mass-unemployment-automation-and-anxiety~~] Even outside the AI community, there is a broad consensus that technological progress, AND -operation between government, training providers and employers over certification would help.


Cybersecurity

No solvency—existing federal and state programs are sufficient but the aff can't mobilize the private sector

Garcia 3/23 ~~[Antonio, Principal Systems Engineer, GRA Quantum ~| "Addressing the Cybersecurity Talent Shortage" RSA Conference, 3/23/17 ~| https://www.rsaconference.com/blogs/addressing-the-cybersecurity-talent-shortage ~~] Numerous examples demonstrate the success of vocational training programs and apprenticeships in meeting current and AND improving their skills throughout their careers, and employers meet their workforce needs.


No significant impact to cyber attacks – probability, current defense checks, and too difficult to coordinate

    • Gartzke and Lindsay '15** ~~[Erik Gartzke is professor of political science at the University of California, San Diego. Jon R. Lindsay is assistant professor of digital media and global affairs at the Munk School of Global Affairs, University of Toronto. Weaving Tangled Webs: Offense, Defense, and Deception in Cyberspace, Security Studies, 24:316–348, 2015.~~]

Indeed, the US Department of Defense gets attacked ten million times a day; AND for a more general tendency toward offense dominance across the entire cyber domain.


.;;,Even if there is a shortage automation solves. Streamlining repetitive tasks and predictive analytics enable a reallocation of the existing labor pool

Golden & Johnson 6/8 ~~[Deborah, principal in Deloitte & Touche LLP's Advisory practice. She has over 20 years of information technology, security, and privacy experience;Ted, Defense and National Security Research Manager with Deloitte's Center for Government Insights ~| "Augmented Security: How Cognitive Technologies can Address the Cyber Workforce Shortage" Deloitte University Press 6/8/17 ~| https://dupress.deloitte.com/dup-us-en/industry/public-sector/addressing-cybersecurity-talent-shortage.html ~~] So what exactly are cognitive technologies and how might they address the talent shortage? AND , which permits a forward-looking, predictive approach to security challenges.