FouCULT Emma Cook/Sarah Moore
1AC
Advantage
Welcome to the learning society – students across the United States are subjected to ceaseless testing, training, learning in order to activate their potential. The organizing principle of this society is to optimize the productivity of each student, to make sure that they live up to their potential, so that they can be valuable and contributing members of a risk-filled economic system. Lewis 11 – (Tyson E. Lewis, PhD. in educational philosophy from UCLA, Associate Professor of Educational Foundations at Montclair State University, “Rethinking the Learning Society: Giorgio Agamben on Studying, Stupidity, and Impotence,” Studies in Philosophy and Education November 2011, Volume 30, Issue 6, pp 585–599)//a-berg Recently there have been several important critiques of ‘‘learning discourse’’ as well as the AND conclusions concerning learning and its alternatives which these authors have not adequately addressed.
The invisible consequence of this learning society is abandonment – the demand to activate the potential of students produces the sacrifice of impotentiality, the sacrifice of those who fail or are otherwise not capable of living up to those demands. This lack of potential is projected outwards onto the vulnerable other, enabling a sovereign decision between what life is valuable and what life is not. - (1:23) Tyson Edward Lewis 13 – (It’s a Profane Life: Giorgio Agamben on the AND and fallible freedom of study which is beyond measure and beyond predefined ends.
These states of exception hold educational life in suspension, at the whim of the sovereign’s decision between valuable life and life that can be sacrificed. - (1:00) Lewis 2006 – (Tyson E., “The school as an exceptional space: AND result the biopedagogical reveals its internal complicity with an underlying state of exception.
This biopolitical determination of which life is valuable and which life is not turns politics murderous – the entirety of the world is reduced to bare life in an attempt to rid the public sphere of all risk. The only option becomes the extermination of all life. - (1:04) Duarte, 5 – professor of Philosophy at Universidade Federal do Paraná (André, “Biopolitics and the dissemination of violence: the Arendtian critique of the present,” April 2005, http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1017&context=andre_duarte) These historic transformations have not only brought more violence to the core of the political AND actions of acknowledging and welcoming, of extending hospitality and solidarity towards others.
Method
In opposition to this learning society which demands that we become good and productive students, we affirm a study of the resolution. Through our study, we render the sovereign logics embedded in the resolution inoperative by refusing to obey the logic of learning. Instead of activating our potential and becoming productive, well-educated students, we prefer the role of the studier, withdrawing from the normative pressures of the education system. This operates to interrupt the ultimate demand of the learning society – either be productive or be abandoned. - (1:50) Lewis 15 (Tyson E., associate professor of art education at the University of AND In this sense, Agamben's coming community is actually a community of study.
Studying allows us to defer and delay the pressure placed on us to realize our potentials, to become all that we are supposed to be. By changing the everyday practices and roles that define learning, we can change the sovereign logics that reside at its core. - (0:45) Lewis 14 – Tyson E., “The Fundamental Ontology of Study, Educational Theory AND that embodies this potentiality as a kind of study journal or study log.
Study is an inactivity of resistance – deferring the call to action and embracing our impotential allows us to reject the internalization of state expectations and reverse the violence of the learning society. - (0:45) Snoek 12 (Anke, PhD in Philosophy Department @ Macquarie U., Agamben’s Joyful AND are other strategies, aside from active resistance, to reverse political situations.
Structures of biopolitical control are empty of positive content, capable of only inflicting death or doing nothing --- our strategy is to desert biopolitical apparatuses such as the education system, rather than reform it. Prozorov 10 (Sergei – Professor of Political and Economic Studies at the University of Helsinki, “Why Giorgio Agamben is an optimist,” in Philosophy Social Criticism, Volume 36, Number 9, p. 1059-1060, November 2010, http://psc.sagepub.com/content/36/9/1053.abstract) In a later work, Agamben generalizes this logic and transforms it into a basic AND achieved by the practice of subtraction that we address in the following section.
1NC t A) Interpretation: “Primary and secondary education” refers to schooling ranging from elementary to high school education U.S. Department of Education 8 (International Affairs Office, U.S. Department of Education, Feb 2008. “Organization of U.S. Education: The School Level,”) PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS Primary schools are called elementary schools, intermediate (upper primary
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different interests and capabilities who follow different educational tracks within the same school. B) “Education” is prescribed classroom instruction Webster’s Webster's 1913 Dictionary - http://www.webster-dictionary.org/definition/education Education (noun): The act or process of educating; the result of educating
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education for the bar or the pulpit; he has finished his education.
C) Violation: the plan funds teaching certification programs, which are postsecondary education -- Putnam 81 (John F. Putnam, National Center for Education Statistics. “Postsecondary Student Terminology: A Handbook of Terms and Definitions for Describing Students in Postsecondary Education,” March 1981.) A postsecondary education institution is defined as an academic, vocational, technical, home
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FICE Report,, vol. 1, no. 3 (June 1974). D) Prefer our interpretation: 1) Limits – allowing affirmatives to fund or regulate postsecondary education drastically and unfairly expands the negative’s research burden – 2) Ground – postsecondary education skirts the core controversy of federal vs. state regulation of schools – eliminates core generics specific to public education
Federalism DA Trump dedicated to reducing federal influence in education now The Washington Times 2017 (S.A. Miller, Reporter for The Washington Times, “Trump to pull feds out of K-12 education”, April 26th 2017, http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/apr/26/donald-trump-pull-feds-out-k-12-education/, accessed 6/3/17, JK) President Trump signed an executive order Wednesday to start pulling the federal government out of
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teachers and parents to make the decisions that help their students achieve success.” Increased, sudden federal involvement in state education increases federal-state conflict. McGuinn 2015 (Patrick, associate professor of political science and education at Drew University, “Schooling the State: ESEA and the Evolution of the U.S. Department of Education”, The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, 1(3), 77–94 (2015), Published December 17th 2015, http://www.rsfjournal.org/doi/full/10.7758/RSF.2015.1.3.04, accessed 6/3/17, jk) This article provides an overview of the evolution of national administrative capacity and the implementation
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, these tensions are particularly illuminated and exacerbated” (1968, vii).
Federalism maintains sanctuary cities, scaling back mass deportation Somin 11/26/16 https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2016/11/26/federalism-the-constitution-and-sanctuary-cities/?utm_term=.d2d1595c1ecb Ilya Somin is Professor of Law at George Mason University. His research focuses on constitutional law, property law, and popular political participation. He is the author of "The Grasping Hand: Kelo v. City of New London and the Limits of Eminent Domain" and "Democracy and Political Ignorance: Why Smaller Government is Smarter." The looming fight over sanctuary cities is an example of how federalism and constitutional limitations
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cooperate with it. And they will have the Constitution on their side. Deportation increase industrial ag, GMOs, pesticides Meierotto 10/5/15 Lisa Meierotto, Ph.D., is a lecturer in the Foundational Studies Program at Boise State University. She earned her Ph.D. in anthropology from the University of Washington, and also holds an M.A. in international development and environment from Clark University. Meierotto’s research focuses on the human rights of migrants and environmental ramifications of undocumented immigration. https://thebluereview.org/food-and-immigration-food-systems-and-food-security/ More recently, I have been considering the ways in which mass deportation policy as
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wages, farm worker protection and sustainable production lies right here at home. Industrial ag = food collapse Peters 2010 (Kathryn, University of Arkansas School of Law, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Food Law, “Creating a Sustainable Urban Agriculture Revolution” J. ENVTL. LAW AND LITIGATION, http://law.uoregon.edu/org/jell/docs/251/peters.pdf)� Industrial agriculture in the United States has only been in place ¶ since the mid
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to rapidly changing climate ¶ conditions and will help to ensure food security. Biggest extinction risk Julian Cribb, principal of JCA, fellow of the Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering, 2010, The Coming Famine: The Global Food Crisis and What We Can Do to Avoid It, http://books.google.com/books?id=Tv0zXxbQ7toC&printsec=frontcover&dq=the+coming+famine&hl=en&sa=X&ei=RR_mT7OYFKeq2gXP5tHZCQ&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=the%20coming%20famine&f=false The character of human conflict has also changed: since the early 1990S, more
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changes, because of the synergetic character of the things that power it.
Cap K The aff facilitates an educational system premised on optimizing the productivity of each student and erecting a governmentality of the self whereby the classroom serves as an incubator for the workforce Lewis 11 – (Tyson E. Lewis, PhD. in educational philosophy from UCLA, Associate Professor of Educational Foundations at Montclair State University, “Rethinking the Learning Society: Giorgio Agamben on Studying, Stupidity, and Impotence,” Studies in Philosophy and Education November 2011, Volume 30, Issue 6, pp 585–599)//a-berg Recently there have been several important critiques of ‘‘learning discourse’’ as well as the
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conclusions concerning learning and its alternatives which these authors have not adequately addressed.
Its try or die—Capitalism’s narcissistic drive makes democratization of the market impossible—humanity is at a crossroads—the timeframe is now
Richard A. Smith 7, Research Associate at the Institute for Policy Research & Development, UK; PhD in History from UCLA, June 2007, “The Eco-suicidal Economics of Adam Smith,” Capitalism Nature Socialism, Vol. 18, No. 2, p. 22-43
So there you have it: insatiable growth and consumption is destroying the planet and
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a practical working socialist democracy, or we face ecological and social collapse. Capitalism is quickly approaching an ‘ecological Armageddon’ – a global environmental crisis manifesting in uncontrollable climate change, ocean acidification, water shortages, all culminating in planetary extinction Foster & Clark 12 (John Bellamy Foster, professor of sociology at University of Oregon, and Brett Clark, assistant professor of sociology at the University of Utah., “The Planetary Emergency,” Monthly Review, December 2012, vol. 64, issue 7)
Capitalism today is caught in a seemingly endless crisis, with economic stagnation and upheaval
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improved steam engine nonetheless resulted in a greater absolute use of coal.23
Voting negative refuses the affirmative in favor of Historical Materialist Pedagogy. International inequality is sutured by the unequal circulation of capital. Without revolutionary theory, there can be no revolutionary moment. Only starting from the structural antagonisms produced by wage labor can lead to transformative politics. Ebert ‘9 [Teresa, Associate Professor of English, State University of New York at Albany, THE TASK OF CULTURAL CRITIQUE, pp. 92-95]
Unlike these rewritings, which reaffirm in a somewhat new language the system of wage
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Instead, the pedagogy of critique is a worldly teaching of the worldly.
Case Auto Nation Plan can’t solve alternate causes of unemployment—specialization, labor market inflexibility, financial crises Cowen 14 (TYLER COWEN is professor of economics at George Mason University. “Automation Alone Isn’t Killing Jobs,” New York Times, 4/6/2014. https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/06/business/automation-alone-isnt-killing-jobs.html) Although the labor market report on Friday showed modest job growth, employment opportunities remain
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do with modern technology, and it will be with us for some time
Economic collapse doesn’t cause war Daniel Drezner 14, IR prof at Tufts, The System Worked: Global Economic Governance during the Great Recession, World Politics, Volume 66. Number 1, January 2014, pp. 123-164 The final significant outcome addresses a dog that hasn't barked: the effect of the
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surge in protectionist nationalism or ethnic exclusion that might have been expected."43
AM Heg fails and is terminally unsustainable – your authors are biased and paid off. Shlapak, Senior International Policy Analyst at RAND Corporation, 3/20/2015 David A., “Towards a More Modest American Strategy”, Survival: Global Politics and Strategy, Volume 57 Issue 2, Pgs. 59-78, The Unipolar Moment Is Over Since the fall of the Soviet Union, the world
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disappear – is and must remain the primary mission of US armed forces. Multipolarity is coming now and is peaceful – net better for economic growth Stuenkel 2014 - Oliver Stuenkel is Professor of International Relations at the Getulio Vargas Foundation (FGV) in São Paulo, Brazil. (Oliver, 2014, “The US Should Celebrate its Decline”, The Diplomat, http://thediplomat.com/2014/06/the-us-should-celebrate-its-decline/) Charles Kenny. The Upside of Down. Why the Rise of the Rest is
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and a great contribution to the debate about the future of global order.
CS First, the Mello card is specifically in the context of private business; quote: “Technology companies, in general, are having trouble diversifying their workforces”, from the Mello card, but the Nolan card highlights the internal link of a direct attack on the USFG itself—companies don’t have nukes. No significant impact to cyber attacks – probability, current defense checks, and too difficult to coordinate Gartzke and Lindsay ’15 [Erik Gartzke is professor of political science at the University of California, San Diego. Jon R. Lindsay is assistant professor of digital media and global affairs at the Munk School of Global Affairs, University of Toronto. Weaving Tangled Webs: Offense, Defense, and Deception in Cyberspace, Security Studies, 24:316–348, 2015.] Indeed, the US Department of Defense gets attacked ten million times a day;
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for a more general tendency toward offense dominance across the entire cyber domain. Also, the students will all go to companies to do work because they’ll be payed a lot more than the fed would, that means the aff can’t solve Even if there is a shortage automation solves. Streamlining repetitive tasks and predictive analytics enable a reallocation of the existing labor pool Golden & Johnson 6/8 [Deborah, principal in Deloitte & Touche LLP's Advisory practice. She has over 20 years of information technology, security, and privacy experience;Ted, Defense and National Security Research Manager with Deloitte’s Center for Government Insights | “Augmented Security: How Cognitive Technologies can Address the Cyber Workforce Shortage” Deloitte University Press 6/8/17 | https://dupress.deloitte.com/dup-us-en/industry/public-sector/addressing-cybersecurity-talent-shortage.html ] So what exactly are cognitive technologies and how might they address the talent shortage?
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, which permits a forward-looking, predictive approach to security challenges. Squo solves demand—internal training and existing education programs Libicki et al 2014 [Martin C., American scholar and Professor at the Frederick S. Pardee RAND Graduate School in Santa Monica, California ; David Senty, RAND senior fellow who previously served as chief of staff at the U.S. Cyber Command; Julia Pollack, reference and instruction librarian at CUNY-Bronx Community College | “H4CKER5 WANTED: An Examination of the Cybersecurity Labor Market” Report for the Rand Corporation, 2014 | http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR400/RR430/RAND_RR430.pdf ] Our assessment does not refute this position—good cybersecurity professionals are in high demand
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indications of a decrease in the demand for cybersecurity professionals started to appear.
pltx DA ATC privatization will pass – but it’s contentions – Trump is pushing and political capital is key Zanona 7/12 – (Melanie, White House works to sell House Republicans on Trump’s air traffic control plan, 7-12-17, http://thehill.com/business-a-lobbying/341698-white-house-works-to-sell-house-republicans-on-trumps-air-traffic-control)//a-berg The White House dispatched a high-ranking official to Capitol Hill on Wednesday in
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up debate on the FAA bill next week, with amendments due Monday. Republicans oppose ending abstinence-only funding in favor of comprehensive sex ed Gladu 2/10/16 [Alex. “Obama's 2017 Budget Takes A Realistic Approach To Sex Education, But It Will Struggle To Pass Congress.” Bustle. https://www.bustle.com/articles/141134-obamas-2017-budget-takes-a-realistic-approach-to-sex-education-but-it-will-struggle-to-pass. SH] President Obama's 2017 budget — the final budget he will prepare as president — proposes
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ultra-conservative politicians are known for strongly supporting abstinence-only programs.
Only privatized ATC can set efficient prices and reduce delays – Canada proves Steven A. Morrison (Chair, Department of Economics, Northeastern University) and Clifford Winston (Senior Fellow Economic Studies @ Brookings) – May 2008, Delayed! U.S. Aviation Infrastructure Policy at a Crossroads, http://www.brookings.edu/research/articles/2008/05/~/media/Research/Files/Articles/2008/5/aviation%20winston/Winston_aviation_chpt2.PDF
Performance of Air Traffic Control Today, the probability of dying in a commercial aviation
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it appears inevitable that privatization will be thoroughly—and justifiably—explored. Investment in aviation efficiency is uniquely productive – it solves delays, boosts competitiveness, enhances tourism, and promotes economic development. DRI WEFA, ‘2 (A Global Insight company, was created in May 2001 from the integration of DRI and WEFA, two of the most respected economic information companies in the world. “National Economic Impact of Civil Aviation”, 07-2002, http://www.aia-aerospace.org/stats/resources/DRI-WEFA_EconomicImpactStudy.pdf)
The total national economic impact of civil aviation exceeded more than $900 billion and
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economic well being of the U.S. economy and its citizens.
Aviation affects all parts of the economy – the industry will collapse without new capacity to solve congestion. DRI WEFA, ‘2 (A Global Insight company, was created in May 2001 from the integration of DRI and WEFA, two of the most respected economic information companies in the world. “National Economic Impact of Civil Aviation”, 07-2002, http://www.aia-aerospace.org/stats/resources/DRI-WEFA_EconomicImpactStudy.pdf)
Civil aviation has become an integral part of the U.S. economy.
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Conversely, additional investment in the nation’s aviation infrastructure will facilitate economic growth. Economic decline triggers nuclear war Harris and Burrows 9 (Mathew, PhD European History at Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer, member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis” http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf, AM)
Increased Potential for Global Conflict Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and
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within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world. Fed DA The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) gave decision-making power back to the states, and shifted from educational federalism to a state-centered model. McGuinn 2016 (Patrick, Associate Professor of Political Science at Drew University, “From No Child Left behind to the Every Student Succeeds Act: Federalism and the Education Legacy of the Obama Administration”, Publius: The Journal of Federalism volume 46 number 3, pp. 392^415, June 5th 2016, accessed 6/9/17, jk) Political scientists Paul Peterson, Kenneth Wong, and Barry Rabe (1986) observed
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2016). That is American federalism at work, for better or worse.
Federalism on sex ed threatens national unity; causes fissures in morality issues Barr 2010 (Sam Barr, February 4, 2010, “On Sex Ed, Who Should Decide?” < http://harvardpolitics.com/online/hprgument-blog/on-sex-ed-who-should-decide/>)//PS Ross Douthat had an admirable column earlier this week arguing that, because we don’t
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prefer proximity in law-making, or e pluribus unum in culture?
Increased, sudden federal involvement in state education increases federal-state conflict. McGuinn 2015 (Patrick, associate professor of political science and education at Drew University, “Schooling the State: ESEA and the Evolution of the U.S. Department of Education”, The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, 1(3), 77–94 (2015), Published December 17th 2015, http://www.rsfjournal.org/doi/full/10.7758/RSF.2015.1.3.04, accessed 6/3/17, jk) This article provides an overview of the evolution of national administrative capacity and the implementation
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, these tensions are particularly illuminated and exacerbated” (1968, vii).
Federal policies overrule state courts defense of minorities and the poor through state’s rights to education, means that top-down policies end up hurting the educational opportunities of marginalized groups – Turns the aff Lawson 2013 (Aaron, J.D. 2013, University of Michigan Law School; B.A. 2010, Gettysburg College, “Educational Federalism: A New Case for Reduced Federal Involvement in K-12 Education”, Summer 2013, Volume 2013 issue 2, Brigham Young University Education and Law Journal, http://digitalcommons.law.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1333&context=elj, accessed 6/10/17, jk) Every state constitution, in contrast with the Federal Constitution, contains some guarantee of
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should assume a role that leaves sufficient space for state courts to operate.
Decentralized education federalism in particular is a crucial model for governance-building in fragile states Abdinoor 13 (Abdi D. Abdinoor, Graduate Degree Candidate at The University Of Nairobi Institute Of Diplomacy And International Studies “Federalism as an Instrument for Peace and Reconstruction: The Case of Somalia,” http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11295/93115/Abdinoor_Federalism%20as%20an%20instrument%20for%20peace%20and%20reconstruction%3a%20the%20case%20of%20Somalia.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y) Decentralized federal constitutions are characterized by fairly autonomous provinces and a weak central authority in
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Nigeria would probably not have survived without some form of decentralized governance.34
Endemic fragile statehood makes terrorist deployment of chemical and nuclear weapons inevitable – causes extinction Rahn 15 (Richard W. Rahn is a senior fellow at the Cato Institute and chairman of the Institute for Global Economic Growth. “The rise of the failed states,” http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/jul/6/richard-rahn-the-rise-of-the-failed-states/) The greatest threat to global security is the rapidly increasing number of failed states.
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privatized” and then sold to rogue states or non-state actors.
CP The Fifty United States and all relevant territories should eliminate funding for abstinence-only sex education and fully fund sexual education programs that meet the criteria established by the Real Education for Healthy Youth Act.
States are key to education and preventing “one size fits all” programs. The CP also aligns responsibility and moves towards a more practical decision calculus. Kelly and Hess 9/15/2015 [Andrew P. Kelly is a resident scholar and director of the Center on Higher Education Reform at the American Entrprise Institute. Frederick M. Hess is director of education policy studies at the American Enterprise Institute and author of the new book, “Letters to a Young Education Reformer.” More Than a Slogan Here are five good reasons federalism is so important in education. https://www.usnews.com/opinion/knowledge-bank/2015/09/15/5-reasons-federalism-in-education-matters] Calculus BC It's a matter of size. Education advocates suffer from severe bouts of Finland and
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is both accountable to the public and dynamic enough to meet today's challenges.
States solve better—sex ed policy is decentralized Kaiser 02 [Kaiser Family Foundation. March 2002. “Sex Education in the U.S.: Policy and Politics.” The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. https://kaiserfamilyfoundation.files.wordpress.com/2000/09/3224-sex-education-in-the-us-policy-and-politics.pdf. SH] Despite these federal efforts, sex education policy is mostly decentralized. And, since
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five require that it be due to a family’s religious or moral beliefs.
Cap K
The problem of sexual repression is not a problem of old conservatives but of capitalism-sexual repression has been historically linked to capitalist societies.
Ollman 78 (Bertell, “Social and Sexual Revolution”Ollman is a professor of politics at New York University, teaching both dialectical and social theory. He has written many academic works on Marxist theory. https://www.nyu.edu/projects/ollman/docs/ssr_ch06.php, Accessed 6-27-17 Powers)
Without roots in the particular society in which they are found (capitalism), it
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it is being manipulated to serve the ends of the capitalist system.24 The AFF’s state-centered approach to politics is derived from a concept of sovereignty that no longer exists—power is centered entirely in capital, of which the state is merely another product Lazzarato 13-sociologist and philosopher, Researcher @ Matisse / CNRS (Paris I University), member of the International College of Philosophy in Paris [Maurizio, “Governmentality in the current crisis,” March, 2013, translation by Arianna Bove, lecture delivered in Berlin in 2013, http://www.generation-online.org/p/fp_lazzarato7.htm, DKP]
Governmentality (of which liberals are nothing but one of the subjective modalities) first
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by capital, and governmentality works towards making them combine and cohere. ¶
Its try or die—Capitalism’s narcissistic drive makes democratization of the market impossible—humanity is at a crossroads—the timeframe is now Richard A. Smith 7, Research Associate at the Institute for Policy Research & Development, UK; PhD in History from UCLA, June 2007, “The Eco-suicidal Economics of Adam Smith,” Capitalism Nature Socialism, Vol. 18, No. 2, p. 22-43 So there you have it: insatiable growth and consumption is destroying the planet and
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a practical working socialist democracy, or we face ecological and social collapse. Voting negative refuses the affirmative in favor of Historical Materialist Pedagogy. International inequality is sutured by the unequal circulation of capital. Without revolutionary theory, there can be no revolutionary moment. Only starting from the structural antagonisms produced by wage labor can lead to transformative politics. Ebert ‘9 [Teresa, Associate Professor of English, State University of New York at Albany, THE TASK OF CULTURAL CRITIQUE, pp. 92-95]
Unlike these rewritings, which reaffirm in a somewhat new language the system of wage
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Instead, the pedagogy of critique is a worldly teaching of the worldly.
Adv
Comprehensive sex ed is an assimilatory tactic of cisheteropatriarchy – the progressive narrative of inclusion envelops deviant subjects into a neoliberal restructuring of the nuclear family, which only permits the biopolitical management of trans and gender non-conforming subjects.
Shannon 16 (Barrie Shannon, PhD Candidate at the School of Humanities and Social Science, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia. “Comprehensive for who? Neoliberal directives in Australian ‘comprehensive’ sexuality education and the erasure of GLBTIQ identity,” Sex Education, 2016)[discourse modified]*
Sameness, ‘homonormativity’ and GLBTIQ erasure Harris and Farrington (2014) and Riggs
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capability to feel ‘intimately linked’ with the world around them is diminished. “Inclusive language” doesn’t discuss same-sex or single parent families. McNeill 13 [Tanya McNeill received her PhD in Sociology with a Certificate in Feminist Studies from the University of California at Santa Cruz in 2008. She has taught in Women’s and Gender Studies, LGBT Studies and Sociology at the University of Wisconsin Eau Claire, Wellesley College, the University of California at Davis, and the University of California at Santa Cruz. Her research interests include the production of knowledge about the family, the regulation of gender, race, sexuality, and class, childhood and gender, and LGBT advocacy. Her essay, ‘A nation of families: The codification and (be)longings of heteropatriarchy’ was published in Toward a Sociology of the Trace in 2010. She currently lives in Eugene, Oregon, where she is researching cultural and political representations of gender creative (or gender non-conforming) children. file:///C:/Users/Benny/Downloads/sex%20education%20and%20the%20promotion%20of%20heteronormativity.pdf “Sex education and the promotion of heteronormativity” pg. 10] Calculus BC The inclusion of language that recognizes the ‘many forms’ that families ‘come in’
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single-parent families). This reproduces and reinforces both heterosexuality and heteronormativity. Canada proves that sex education is designed to outline who and what LGBTQ+ and disabled people need to be. Comprehensive sex education contends itself to be diverse and inclusive, but mimics the narrowed view of neoliberal mentality and reinforces violence against disabled people in the name of “normal” McMinn 17 (TL McMinn thesis for Master of Arts Department of Curriculum, Teaching, and Learning Ontario Institute for Studies in Education University of Toronto “Sex Education as Neoliberal Inclusion: Hetero-cis-ableism in Ontario’s 2015 Health and Physical Education Curriculum” <http://search.proquest.com/docview/1884603730?pq-origsite=gscholar>) The following research question informed this study: how does hetero-cis-ableism
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are viewed as unnecessary, overwrought, and just plain uncomfortable to have.
1NC FOR SP 3
framework
Interpretation: the affirmative should defend the desirability of a topical plan that affirms the United States federal government should substantially increase its funding and/or regulation of elementary and/or secondary education in the United States.
A. “United States Federal Government should” means the debate is solely about the outcome of a policy established by governmental means Ericson, 3 (Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4) The Proposition of Policy: Urging Future Action In policy propositions, each topic contains
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compelling reasons for an audience to perform the future action that you propose.
B. The word “Resolved” before the colon reflects a legislative forum Army Officer School ‘04(5-12, “# 12, Punctuation – The Colon and Semicolon”, http://usawocc.army.mil/IMI/wg12.htm) The colon introduces the following: a. A list, but only after "
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resolved:" Resolved: (colon) That this council petition the mayor.
Violation: The affirmative does not present a topical plan text.
Vote Negative -
1. Institutional knowledge – our framework prioritizes a method of democratic engagement and commitment to participatory change - the affirmative’s criteria for political change causes a fracturing of politics and trades off with genuine political change. Chandler 7 - Professor of International Relations at the University of Westminster [David, “The Attraction of Post-Territorial Politics: Ethics and Activism in the International Sphere,” The Inaugural Lecture of Professor David Chandler, 2 May 2007, http://www.davidchandler.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Inaugural-lecture.pdf] However, politics is no less important to many of us today. Politics still
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peers and colleagues at the level of political or intellectual debate and organisation.
2. Deliberative dialogue - the resolution provides fair, limited balance of ground to both the aff and the neg – discarding the opportunity of focus provided by the resolution turns debate into a monologue which guts all benefits of the activity. Hanghoj 08 – PhD, assistant professor, School of Education, University of Aarhus, also affiliated with the Danish Research Centre on Education and Advanced Media Materials, located at the Institute of Literature, Media and Cultural Studies at the University of Southern Denmark [Thorkild, PLAYFUL KNOWLEDGE An Explorative Study of Educational Gaming, PhD Dissertation Institute of Literature, Media and Cultural Studies University of Southern Denmark 2008, http://static.sdu.dk/mediafiles/Files/Information_til/Studerende_ved_SDU/Din_uddannelse/phd_hum/afhandlinger/2009/ThorkilHanghoej.pdf] 3.3.1. Balancing teaching and gaming Debate games are often based on pre-designed scenarios that include descriptions of issues
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dialogue as an end in itself” (Wegerif, 2006: 61).
These impacts outweigh - effective deliberative training coupled with institutional knowledge is key to effective challenges to oppression—the content of debates is irrelevant, it’s about repeatedly practicing the form of switch-side skepticism Hahn, 16—Ph. D. in Communication from the University of Pittsburgh (Taylor, “TEACHING WHAT MATTERS: A RHETORICAL ANALYSIS OF ARGUMENTS ON LIBERAL ARTS EDUCATION AT THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS-AUSTIN,” http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/30348/1/T.%20Hahn%20Dissertation%20-%20ETD%20submission.pdf) My analysis of the Solutions controversy has revealed one such opportunity: the potential for
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create political space within which alternative conceptions of politics can be developed.30
Cap K Agambens politics is ahistorical and abstract forclosing upon the possibility of real political change. Understanding capitalism is a prerequisite Laura Hudson 8. “The Political Animal: Species-Being and Bare Life.” Mediations 23.2 (Spring 2008) 88-117. www.mediationsjournal.org/the-political-animal. Despite the wide historical scope of Agamben’s work, he only touches on various epochs
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which these factors are bound up in the historical development of capitalism itself.
Agambens sovereignty epitomizes capitalism—fluid, free flowing and totalizing. Determinism precludes a Marxist approach to politics
Laura Hudson 8. “The Political Animal: Species-Being and Bare Life.” Mediations 23.2 (Spring 2008) 88-117. www.mediationsjournal.org/the-political-animal.
The animalization of the human is not merely the result of an historical drive of
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itself through the absolute control of the natural world and the natural body.
Capitalism results in a death drive that makes structural violence and sacrificial genocide Santos 3 (Boaventura de Sousa, director of the Center for Social Studies at the University of Coimbra, EUROZINE, COLLECTIVE SUICIDE OR GLOBALIZATION FROM BELOW, http://www.eurozine.com/article/2003-03-26-santos-en.html) *Note this card had been modified for suicide metaphors According to Franz Hinkelammert, the West has repeatedly been under the illusion that it
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to pay the health costs of the world's poorest countries for four years.
Voting negative refuses the affirmative in favor of Historical Materialist Pedagogy. International inequality is sutured by the unequal circulation of capital. Without revolutionary theory, there can be no revolutionary moment. Only starting from the structural antagonisms produced by wage labor can lead to transformative politics. Ebert ‘9 [Teresa, Associate Professor of English, State University of New York at Albany, THE TASK OF CULTURAL CRITIQUE, pp. 92-95]
Unlike these rewritings, which reaffirm in a somewhat new language the system of wage
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Instead, the pedagogy of critique is a worldly teaching of the worldly. case Their theory is hostile to agency and ignores distinctions within sovereignty. Andrew Robinson, January 21, 2011 “Giorgio Agamben: destroying sovereignty,” http://ceasefiremagazine.co.uk/in-theory-giorgio-agamben-destroying-sovereignty/)//a-berg Agamben’s approach to politics is thoroughgoing in its cleaning-out of statist ways of
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of exclusion into autonomy, through the rejection and immanent overcoming of sovereignty.
This makes their advocacy depoliticizing and ignorant of social reforms Huysmans 8 (Jef – Professor of Security Studies at the Open University, “The Jargon of Exception—On Schmitt, Agamben and the Absence of Political Society,” in International Political Sociology, Volume 2, Issue 2, June 2008, http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1749-5687.2008.00042.x/abstract) Deploying the jargon of exception and especially Agamben’s conception of the exception-being-
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as the central processes through which individualized bodily resistances gain their sociopolitical significance.
Bare life binary turn The aff creates a distinction between biological and political life that destroys value to life and ignore agency. Fassin, 10 - Social Science Prof at Princeton (Didier, “Ethics of Survival: A Democratic Approach to the Politics of Life” Humanity: An International Journal of Human Rights, Humanitarianism, and Development, Fall, Vol 1 No 1, Project Muse) Conclusion Survival, in the sense Jacques Derrida attributed to the concept in his last
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in its multiple forms but also in its everyday expression of the human.
method Piecemeal resistance should be your goal --- agambens arguments lay a groundwork for what’s wrong with the status quo but aren’t helpful in determining what to do about it --- simply using the state does not doom us COLATRELLA, 09 – (Steven, Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies, vol.9. no.1 Nothing Exceptional: Against Agamben, University of Maryland University College, Europe, http://www.jceps.com/PDFs/09-1-05.pdf) Conclusion: State Transformation without State of Exception In failing to take into account the
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Agamben has only interpreted for us. The point remains to change them.
