Difference between revisions of "Rhombus of K Db8 Wa"

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====A) Interpretation: "Primary and secondary education" refers to schooling ranging from elementary to high school education====
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**U.S. Department of Education 8** (International Affairs Office, U.S. Department of Education, Feb 2008. "Organization of U.S. Education: The School Level,")
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PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS Primary schools are called elementary schools, intermediate (upper primary
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different interests and capabilities who follow different educational tracks within the same school.
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====B) "Education" is prescribed classroom instruction====
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**Webster's **Webster's 1913 Dictionary - http://www.webster-dictionary.org/definition/education
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Education (noun): The act or process of educating; the result of educating
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education for the bar or the pulpit; he has finished his education.
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====C) Violation: the plan funds teaching certification programs, which are postsecondary education — ====
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**Putnam 81** (John F. Putnam, National Center for Education Statistics. "Postsecondary Student Terminology: A Handbook of Terms and Definitions for Describing Students in Postsecondary Education," March 1981.)
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A postsecondary education institution is defined as an academic, vocational, technical, home
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FICE Report,, vol. 1, no. 3 (June 1974).
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====D) Prefer our interpretation:====
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====1) Limits – allowing affirmatives to fund or regulate postsecondary education drastically and unfairly expands the negative's research burden – kills fairness and ability to have a good debate/conversation which hurts advocacy skills which is an important portable skill that you can use for the rest of your life and is exclusive to debate.====
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====2) Ground –eliminates core generics specific to public education Key to fairness====
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=Cap K=
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====Judge has a prior ethical obligation to reject capitalism====
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Zizek & Daly 4-(Slavoj, PhD in Philosophy @ the University of Ljubljana, Senior Research in Sociology @ the University of Ljubljana, Professor of Philosophy and Psychoanalysis @ the European Graduate School, has been a visiting professor @ University of Chicago, Columbia University, Princeton, University of London, and NYU, International Director of the Birkbeck Institute for the Humanities, president of the Society for Theoretical Psychoanalysis, and Glyn, has been a Professor @ Essex University and Manchester University, Conversations with Zizek page 14-16)
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For Zizek it is imperative that we cut through this Gordian knot of postmodern protocol
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abject Other to that of a 'glitch' in an otherwise sound matrix.*
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====Its try or die—Capitalism's narcissistic drive makes democratization of the market impossible—humanity is at a crossroads—the timeframe is now ====
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Richard A. **Smith 7**, Research Associate at the Institute for Policy Research & Development, UK; PhD in History from UCLA, June 2007, "The Eco-suicidal Economics of Adam Smith," Capitalism Nature Socialism, Vol. 18, No. 2, p. 22-43
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So there you have it: insatiable growth and consumption is destroying the planet and
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AND
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a practical working socialist democracy, or we face ecological and social collapse.
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====The aff aims to satisfy capitalism's urge for limitless growth - causes exploitation, destruction of democracies, and destroys value to life while trying to stave off the inevitable collapse(need to highlight)====
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**Clark 12** (Richard, OpEd News, 8/28/12, republished by WPF 4/3/14, " How and Why Is Global Corporate Capitalism Obsolete?", http://wpfdc.org/blog/economics/19049-how-and-why-is-global-corporate-capitalism-obsolete)
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What lies at the heart of this insanity? It is this: Commanding an
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people and the natural environment remain stronger than the desire to accumulate wealth.
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====Capitalism results in a death drive that makes structural violence and sacrificial genocide====
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**Santos 3** (Boaventura de Sousa, director of the Center for Social Studies at the University of Coimbra, EUROZINE, COLLECTIVE SUICIDE OR GLOBALIZATION FROM BELOW, http://www.eurozine.com/article/2003-03-26-santos-en.html) *Note this card had been modified for suicide metaphors
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According to Franz Hinkelammert, the West has repeatedly been under the illusion that it
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AND
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to pay the health costs of the world's poorest countries for four years.
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====Voting negative refuses the affirmative in favor of Historical Materialist Pedagogy. International inequality is sutured by the unequal circulation of capital. Without revolutionary theory, there can be no revolutionary moment. Only starting from the structural antagonisms produced by wage labor can lead to transformative politics. ====
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**Ebert '9** ~~[Teresa, Associate Professor of English, State University of New York at Albany, THE TASK OF CULTURAL CRITIQUE, pp. 92-95~~]
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Unlike these rewritings, which reaffirm in a somewhat new language the system of wage
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AND
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Instead, the pedagogy of critique is a worldly teaching of the worldly.
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=Case=
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==Automation Nation==
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====No unemployment crisis – production gains offset employment costs====
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**Manyika et al 17** (James Manyika Director, McKinsey Global Institute; Senior Partner, McKinsey & Company San Francisco. "A FUTURE THAT WORKS: AUTOMATION, EMPLOYMENT, AND PRODUCTIVITY," January 2017.)
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A recurring question about automation is its effect on employment. Many forecasters paint a
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higher-level capabilities, especially those that require social and emotional ones.
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====Plan can't solve alternate causes of unemployment—specialization, labor market inflexibility, financial crises====
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**Cowen 14** (TYLER COWEN is professor of economics at George Mason University. "Automation Alone Isn't Killing Jobs," New York Times, 4/6/2014. https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/06/business/automation-alone-isnt-killing-jobs.html)
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Although the labor market report on Friday showed modest job growth, employment opportunities remain
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do with modern technology, and it will be with us for some time
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====And, productivity gains from automation offset employment effects—no economic collapse====
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**Manyika et al 17** (James Manyika Director, McKinsey Global Institute; Senior Partner, McKinsey & Company San Francisco. "A FUTURE THAT WORKS: AUTOMATION, EMPLOYMENT, AND PRODUCTIVITY," January 2017.)
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The world is in need of a new engine of GDP growth. Shifting demographics
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requiring all workers to cohabit extensively with technology and reshaping the corporate landscape.
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====Aff can't solve for adaptive workforce education—accelerating changes will require constant re-education and certification====
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The Economist 2016 ~~[ "Automation and Anxiety: Will Smarter Machines Cause Mass Unemployment," The Economist, Special Report on Artificial Intelligence, 6/25/16 ~| http://www.economist.com/news/special-report/21700758-will-smarter-machines-cause-mass-unemployment-automation-and-anxiety~~]
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Even outside the AI community, there is a broad consensus that technological progress,
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-operation between government, training providers and employers over certification would help.
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====Economic collapse doesn't cause war ====
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Daniel **Drezner 14**, IR prof at Tufts, The System Worked: Global Economic Governance during the Great Recession, World Politics, Volume 66. Number 1, January 2014, pp. 123-164
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The final significant outcome addresses a dog that hasn't barked: the effect of the
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surge in protectionist nationalism or ethnic exclusion that might have been expected."43
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==Advanced Manufacturing==
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====Aff can't solve advanced manufacturing—public perception of manufacturing decline dissuades prospective workers====
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PCAST 2014 ~~[President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology,an advisory group of the Nation's leading scientists and engineers, appointed by the President to augment the science and technology advice available to him from inside the White House and from cabinet departments and other Federal agencies ~| "REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT ACCELERATING U.S. ADVANCED MANUFACTURING" PCAST Report October 2014 ~| https://www.manufacturingusa.com/sites/prod/files/amp20_report_final.pdf ~~]
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Shifting the Misconceptions the Public Holds of Manufacturing: For decades, workers flocked to
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advanced manufacturing and product realization starting at early ages and through graduate education.
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====Automation doesn't kill manufacturing employment—Germany, Sweden and South Korea prove====
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Andes & Muro 2015 ~~[Scott, Associate and Associate Fellow - Centennial Scholar Initiative, Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Initiative on Innovation and Placemaking; Mark, Senior Fellow and Policy Director - Metropolitan Policy Program ~| "Don't blame the robots for lost manufacturing jobs" Brookings Institute 4/29/15 ~| https://www.brookings.edu/blog/the-avenue/2015/04/29/dont-blame-the-robots-for-lost-manufacturing-jobs/ ~~]
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However, this new evidence poses a question: Has productivity growth from robots come
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time frame studied here they cannot be said to have caused job losses.
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====Competitiveness not key to heg====
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Wohlforth et al., Dartmouth government professor, 2008
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(William, World out of Balance, International Relations and the Challenge of American Primacy, pg 32-5, ldg)
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American primacy is also rooted in the county's position as the world's leading technological power
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until the distribution of capabilities changes fundamentally. The next section explains why.
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====US can absorb innovation from anywhere-ensures competitiveness ====
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Beckley, Harvard International Security Program research fellow, 2012
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(Michael, "China's Century? Why America's Edge Will Endure", International Security 36.3, lexis, ldg)
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In theory, globalization should help developing countries obtain and absorb advanced technology. In
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paradoxically favor a concentration of technological and military capabilities in the United States.
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====Hegemony is terminally unsustainable – attempts at reanimating it make their impacts inevitable====
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**Layne 16** (Christopher Layne is University Distinguished Professor of International Affairs and Robert M. Gates Chair in National Security at Texas A&M University. "What Comes after U.S. Primacy," September 8, 2016. http://nationalinterest.org/feature/what-comes-after-us-primacy-17631?page=2 ~| prs)
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On both sides of the Atlantic, Britain's vote to leave the European Union has
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it risks accelerated relative economic decline at home, and major conflict abroad.
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====Hegemony will cause extinction—economic crises, systemic warfare, and mass structural violence====
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**Chossudovsky 16** (Michel Chossudovsky is an award-winning author, Professor of Economics (emeritus) at the University of Ottawa, Founder and Director of the Centre for Research on Globalization (CRG), Montreal, Editor of Global Research. "Neoliberalism and The Globalization of War. America's Hegemonic Project," 6/19/2016. http://www.globalresearch.ca/neoliberalism-and-the-globalization-of-war-americas-hegemonic-project/5531125)
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The world is at a dangerous crossroads. The United States and its allies have
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, the legitimacy of money laundering and the protection of the drug trade.
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==Cyber Security==
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====Squo solves demand—internal training and existing education programs====
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Libicki et al 2014 ~~[Martin C., American scholar and Professor at the Frederick S. Pardee RAND Graduate School in Santa Monica, California ; David Senty, RAND senior fellow who previously served as chief of staff at the U.S. Cyber Command; Julia Pollack, reference and instruction librarian at CUNY-Bronx Community College ~| "H4CKER5 WANTED: An Examination of the Cybersecurity Labor Market" Report for the Rand Corporation, 2014 ~| http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR400/RR430/RAND_RR430.pdf ~~]
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Our assessment does not refute this position—good cybersecurity professionals are in high demand
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indications of a decrease in the demand for cybersecurity professionals started to appear.
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====Even if there is a shortage automation solves. Streamlining repetitive tasks and predictive analytics enable a reallocation of the existing labor pool ====
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Golden & Johnson 6/8 ~~[Deborah, principal in Deloitte & Touche LLP's Advisory practice. She has over 20 years of information technology, security, and privacy experience;Ted, Defense and National Security Research Manager with Deloitte's Center for Government Insights ~| "Augmented Security: How Cognitive Technologies can Address the Cyber Workforce Shortage" Deloitte University Press 6/8/17 ~| https://dupress.deloitte.com/dup-us-en/industry/public-sector/addressing-cybersecurity-talent-shortage.html ~~]
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So what exactly are cognitive technologies and how might they address the talent shortage?
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, which permits a forward-looking, predictive approach to security challenges.
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====no solvency—existing federal and state programs are sufficient but the aff can't mobilize the private sector ====
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Garcia 3/23 ~~[Antonio, Principal Systems Engineer, GRA Quantum ~| "Addressing the Cybersecurity Talent Shortage" RSA Conference, 3/23/17 ~| https://www.rsaconference.com/blogs/addressing-the-cybersecurity-talent-shortage ~~]
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Numerous examples demonstrate the success of vocational training programs and apprenticeships in meeting current and
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improving their skills throughout their careers, and employers meet their workforce needs.
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====No significant impact to cyber attacks – probability, current defense checks, and too difficult to coordinate====
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**Gartzke and Lindsay '15** ~~[Erik Gartzke is professor of political science at the University of California, San Diego. Jon R. Lindsay is assistant professor of digital media and global affairs at the Munk School of Global Affairs, University of Toronto. Weaving Tangled Webs: Offense, Defense, and Deception in Cyberspace, Security Studies, 24:316–348, 2015.~~]
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Indeed, the US Department of Defense gets attacked ten million times a day;
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for a more general tendency toward offense dominance across the entire cyber domain.
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===Case===
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====Stop playing around, the aff seeks to escape the sovereign and educate for the sake of education but for whom gets access to the endless education, who can abandon the potential income of capital, the exact people who they attempt to defend. The affirmative needs to stop playing around and do something for the people they use to get impacts.====
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====The aff is not a complete politics – their method of study cannot defend or sustain itself which guarantees backlash and re-appropriation. ====
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**Ford 17** – (Derek R., Prof of Education at DePauw University, PhD Syracuse, "Studying like a communist: Affect, the Party, and the educational limits to capitalism," Incorporating ACCESS, Volume 49, 2017 - Issue 5, Pages 452-461)//a-berg
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Studying is, like the crowd event, a beautiful moment of encounter, the
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foreclosed as the crowd is dispersed through redirection, exhaustion, or repression.
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====Agamben's ontological rendering of political events is reductive – their analytical tunnel vision prevents nuanced understandings of power which can actualize resistance. ====
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Andrew Robinson, January 21, 2011 "Giorgio Agamben: destroying sovereignty," http://ceasefiremagazine.co.uk/in-theory-giorgio-agamben-destroying-sovereignty/)//a-berg
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My main concern with Agamben's theory arises from some degree of scepticism regarding the assumption
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the state-as-arbiter and the state-as-distributor)?
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===fw===
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====Interpretation: the affirmative should defend the desirability of a topical plan that affirms the United States federal government should substantially increase its funding and/or regulation of elementary and/or secondary education in the United States. ====
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====A. "United States Federal Government should" means the debate is solely about the outcome of a policy established by governmental means====
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**Ericson, 3** (Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater's Guide, Third Edition, p. 4) 
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The Proposition of Policy: Urging Future Action In policy propositions, each topic contains
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compelling reasons for an audience to perform the future action that you propose.
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====B. The word "Resolved" before the colon reflects a legislative forum====
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**Army Officer School '04**(5-12, "~~# 12, Punctuation – The Colon and Semicolon", http://usawocc.army.mil/IMI/wg12.htm)
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The colon introduces the following: a.  A list, but only after "
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resolved:" Resolved: (colon) That this council petition the mayor.
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====C. Violation: The affirmative advocates a deconstruction of the narrative of the Federal government and education, not increased funding by the United States federal government ====
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====D. Vote Negative -====
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====1. Institutional knowledge – our framework prioritizes a method of democratic engagement and commitment to participatory change - the affirmative's criteria for political change causes a fracturing of politics and trades off with genuine political change. ====
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**Chandler 7** - Professor of International Relations at the University of Westminster ~~[David, "The Attraction of Post-Territorial Politics: Ethics and Activism in the International Sphere," The Inaugural Lecture of Professor David Chandler, 2 May 2007, http://www.davidchandler.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Inaugural-lecture.pdf~~]
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However, politics is no less important to many of us today. Politics still
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peers and colleagues at the level of political or intellectual debate and organisation.
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**====2. Deliberative dialogue - the resolution provides fair, limited balance of ground to both the aff and the neg – discarding the opportunity of focus provided by the resolution turns debate into a monologue which guts all benefits of the activity. ====**
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**Hanghoj 08** – PhD, assistant professor, School of Education, University of Aarhus, also affiliated with the Danish Research Centre on Education and Advanced Media Materials, located at the Institute of Literature, Media and Cultural Studies at the University of Southern Denmark ~~[Thorkild, PLAYFUL KNOWLEDGE An Explorative Study of Educational Gaming, PhD Dissertation Institute of Literature, Media and Cultural Studies University of Southern Denmark 2008, http://static.sdu.dk/mediafiles/Files/Information_til/Studerende_ved_SDU/Din_uddannelse/phd_hum/afhandlinger/2009/ThorkilHanghoej.pdf~~]
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3.3.1. Balancing teaching and gaming
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Debate games are often
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dialogue as an end in itself" (Wegerif, 2006: 61).
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====3. These impacts outweigh - effective deliberative training coupled with institutional knowledge is key to effective challenges to oppression—the content of debates is irrelevant, it's about repeatedly practicing the form of switch-side skepticism====
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**Hahn, 16**—Ph. D. in Communication from the University of Pittsburgh (Taylor, "TEACHING WHAT MATTERS: A RHETORICAL ANALYSIS OF ARGUMENTS ON LIBERAL ARTS EDUCATION AT THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS-AUSTIN," http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/30348/1/T.%20Hahn%20Dissertation%20-%20ETD%20submission.pdf)
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My analysis of the Solutions controversy has revealed one such opportunity: the potential for
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create political space within which alternative conceptions of politics can be developed.30
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===k===
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====Judge has a priori ethical obligation to reject capitalism====
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Zizek & Daly 4-(Slavoj, PhD in Philosophy @ the University of Ljubljana, Senior Research in Sociology @ the University of Ljubljana, Professor of Philosophy and Psychoanalysis @ the European Graduate School, has been a visiting professor @ University of Chicago, Columbia University, Princeton, University of London, and NYU, International Director of the Birkbeck Institute for the Humanities, president of the Society for Theoretical Psychoanalysis, and Glyn, has been a Professor @ Essex University and Manchester University, Conversations with Zizek page 14-16)
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For Zizek it is imperative that we cut through this Gordian knot of postmodern protocol
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AND
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abject Other to that of a 'glitch' in an otherwise sound matrix.
 +
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====Its try or die—Capitalism's narcissistic drive makes democratization of the market impossible—humanity is at a crossroads—the timeframe is now ====
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Richard A. **Smith 7**, Research Associate at the Institute for Policy Research & Development, UK; PhD in History from UCLA, June 2007, "The Eco-suicidal Economics of Adam Smith," Capitalism Nature Socialism, Vol. 18, No. 2, p. 22-43
 +
So there you have it: insatiable growth and consumption is destroying the planet and
 +
AND
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a practical working socialist democracy, or we face ecological and social collapse.
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 +
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====Their rejection of education as a space of productivity is actively hostile to an anti-capitalist orientation – ethics demand that we utilize spaces such as debate to generate an anti-capitalist pedagogy that can play a fundamental role in shaping the material relations of power. ====
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**Giroux, 5** American scholar and cultural critic. One of the founding theorists of critical pedagogy, Henry, "Cultural Studies in Dark Times: Public Pedagogy and the Challenge of Neoliberalism," http://www.uta.edu/huma/agger/fastcapitalism/1_2/giroux.html,
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In opposition to these positions, I want to reclaim a tradition in radical educational
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AND
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through new forms of pedagogical praxis, global protests, and collective resistance.
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====Capitalism results in a death drive that makes structural violence and sacrificial genocide====
 +
**Santos 3** (Boaventura de Sousa, director of the Center for Social Studies at the University of Coimbra, EUROZINE, COLLECTIVE SUICIDE OR GLOBALIZATION FROM BELOW, http://www.eurozine.com/article/2003-03-26-santos-en.html) *Note this card had been modified for suicide metaphors
 +
According to Franz Hinkelammert, the West has repeatedly been under the illusion that it
 +
AND
 +
to pay the health costs of the world's poorest countries for four years.
 +
 +
 +
====Voting negative refuses the affirmative in favor of Historical Materialist Pedagogy. International inequality is sutured by the unequal circulation of capital. Without revolutionary theory, there can be no revolutionary moment. Only starting from the structural antagonisms produced by wage labor can lead to transformative politics. ====
 +
**Ebert '9** ~~[Teresa, Associate Professor of English, State University of New York at Albany, THE TASK OF CULTURAL CRITIQUE, pp. 92-95~~]
 +
Unlike these rewritings, which reaffirm in a somewhat new language the system of wage
 +
AND
 +
Instead, the pedagogy of critique is a worldly teaching of the worldly.
 +
 +
 +
===k===
 +
 +
 +
====Judge has a priori ethical obligation to reject capitalism====
 +
Zizek & Daly 4-(Slavoj, PhD in Philosophy @ the University of Ljubljana, Senior Research in Sociology @ the University of Ljubljana, Professor of Philosophy and Psychoanalysis @ the European Graduate School, has been a visiting professor @ University of Chicago, Columbia University, Princeton, University of London, and NYU, International Director of the Birkbeck Institute for the Humanities, president of the Society for Theoretical Psychoanalysis, and Glyn, has been a Professor @ Essex University and Manchester University, Conversations with Zizek page 14-16)
 +
For Zizek it is imperative that we cut through this Gordian knot of postmodern protocol
 +
AND
 +
abject Other to that of a 'glitch' in an otherwise sound matrix.
 +
 +
 +
====Its try or die—Capitalism's narcissistic drive makes democratization of the market impossible—humanity is at a crossroads—the timeframe is now ====
 +
Richard A. **Smith 7**, Research Associate at the Institute for Policy Research & Development, UK; PhD in History from UCLA, June 2007, "The Eco-suicidal Economics of Adam Smith," Capitalism Nature Socialism, Vol. 18, No. 2, p. 22-43
 +
So there you have it: insatiable growth and consumption is destroying the planet and
 +
AND
 +
a practical working socialist democracy, or we face ecological and social collapse.
 +
 +
 +
====Describing what the government should do ignores personal responsibility and assumes a false neutrality—only the alt can break the cycle of demands====
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Herod 1 (James, "A Stake, Not a Mistake: On Not Seeing the Enemy", October, 2001, http://www.jamesherod.info/index.php?sec=paper&id=9&print=y&PHPSESSID=4387a9147ad42723ea101944dd538914)
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Let's take another example. Russell Mokhiber and Robert Weissman, otherwise very
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AND
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, and states and governments, they could begin to see another way.
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====Liberal capitalism is another name for totalitarianism of the market, another mode of subjectivization ====
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Lazzarato 13- sociologist and philosopher, Researcher @ Matisse / CNRS (Paris I University), member of the International College of Philosophy in Paris ~~[Maurizio, "Governmentality in the current crisis," March, 2013, translation by Arianna Bove, lecture delivered in Berlin in 2013, http://www.generation-online.org/p/fp_lazzarato7.htm, DKP~~]
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Disclaimer: In the time intervened between my work on the government of inequalities,
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AND
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of the first intervention. First for the markets, second against society.
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====Capitalism results in a death drive that makes structural violence and sacrificial genocide====
 +
**Santos 3** (Boaventura de Sousa, director of the Center for Social Studies at the University of Coimbra, EUROZINE, COLLECTIVE SUICIDE OR GLOBALIZATION FROM BELOW, http://www.eurozine.com/article/2003-03-26-santos-en.html) *Note this card had been modified for suicide metaphors
 +
According to Franz Hinkelammert, the West has repeatedly been under the illusion that it
 +
AND
 +
to pay the health costs of the world's poorest countries for four years.
 +
 +
 +
====Voting negative refuses the affirmative in favor of Historical Materialist Pedagogy. International inequality is sutured by the unequal circulation of capital. Without revolutionary theory, there can be no revolutionary moment. Only starting from the structural antagonisms produced by wage labor can lead to transformative politics. ====
 +
**Ebert '9** ~~[Teresa, Associate Professor of English, State University of New York at Albany, THE TASK OF CULTURAL CRITIQUE, pp. 92-95~~]
 +
Unlike these rewritings, which reaffirm in a somewhat new language the system of wage
 +
AND
 +
Instead, the pedagogy of critique is a worldly teaching of the worldly.
 +
 +
 +
==cp==
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====The Fifty United States and all relevant territories should eliminate funding for Abstinence-only sex education and fully fund programs for comprehensive sexuality education in primary and secondary schools in line with the National Sexuality Education Standards.====
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====States are key to education and preventing "one size fits all" programs. The CP also aligns responsibility and moves towards a more practical decision calculus. ====
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**Kelly and Hess** 9/15/**2015** ~~[Andrew P. Kelly is a resident scholar and director of the Center on Higher Education Reform at the American Entrprise Institute. Frederick M. Hess is director of education policy studies at the American Enterprise Institute and author of the new book, "Letters to a Young Education Reformer." More Than a Slogan Here are five good reasons federalism is so important in education. https://www.usnews.com/opinion/knowledge-bank/2015/09/15/5-reasons-federalism-in-education-matters~~] Calculus BC
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It's a matter of size. Education advocates suffer from severe bouts of Finland and
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AND
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is both accountable to the public and dynamic enough to meet today's challenges.
 +
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**====States solve better—sex ed policy is decentralized====**
 +
**Kaiser 02 ~~[Kaiser Family Foundation. March 2002. "Sex Education in the U.S.: Policy and Politics." The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. **https://kaiserfamilyfoundation.files.wordpress.com/2000/09/3224-sex-education-in-the-us-policy-and-politics.pdf**. SH~~]**
 +
Despite these federal efforts, sex education policy is mostly decentralized. And, since
 +
AND
 +
five require that it be due to a family's religious or moral beliefs.
 +
 +
 +
==da==
 +
 +
 +
====Trump dedicated to reducing federal influence in education now====
 +
The Washington Times 2017 (S.A. Miller, Reporter for The Washington Times, "Trump to pull feds out of K-12 education", April 26^^th^^ 2017, http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/apr/26/donald-trump-pull-feds-out-k-12-education/, accessed 6/3/17, JK)
 +
President Trump signed an executive order Wednesday to start pulling the federal government out of
 +
AND
 +
teachers and parents to make the decisions that help their students achieve success."
 +
 +
 +
====Federalism on sex ed threatens national unity; causes fissures in morality issues ====
 +
**Barr 2010 (Sam Barr, February 4, 2010, "On Sex Ed, Who Should Decide?" <** http://harvardpolitics.com/online/hprgument-blog/on-sex-ed-who-should-decide/**>)//PS**
 +
Ross Douthat had an admirable column earlier this week arguing that, because we don't
 +
AND
 +
prefer proximity in law-making, or e pluribus unum in culture?
 +
 +
 +
====American federalism is modeled globally====
 +
**Stepan et al 11** (Alfred Stepan is the Wallace Sayre Professor of Government at Columbia University. His books include Democracies in Danger, Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation, and The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes, all also published by Johns Hopkins, the last two with Juan J. Linz. Juan J. Linz is Sterling Professor Emeritus of Political and Social Science at Yale University. In addition to the works coauthored and coedited with Professor Stepan, Professor Linz has published works on democracy, democratization, and comparative politics, including Sultanistic Regimes, also published by Johns Hopkins. Yogendra Yadav is the codirector of Lokniti and a Senior Fellow with the Center for the Study of Developing Societies (CSDS), Delhi, India. He has written articles for Hindi- and English-language newspapers and magazines, is a member of the editorial collective of the monthly Hindi-language magazine Samayik Varta, and is the general editor of Lokchintan Granthamala, a four-volume series on social science published in Hindi. Crafting State-Nations: India and Other Multinational Democracies, "Ch 8: The U.S. Federal Model and Multinational Societies," Johns Hopkins University Press, January 2011.)
 +
The purpose of this chapter is to explore the question ' how appropriate or inappropriate
 +
AND
 +
is it neutral in its impact. or could it be particularly hartnful?
 +
 +
 +
====Decentralized education federalism in particular is a crucial model for governance-building in fragile states====
 +
**Abdinoor 13** (Abdi D. Abdinoor, Graduate Degree Candidate at The University Of Nairobi Institute Of Diplomacy And International Studies "Federalism as an Instrument for Peace and Reconstruction: The Case of Somalia," http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11295/93115/Abdinoor_Federalism%20as%20an%20instrument%20for%20peace%20and%20reconstruction%3a%20the%20case%20of%20Somalia.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y)
 +
Decentralized federal constitutions are characterized by fairly autonomous provinces and a weak central authority in
 +
AND
 +
Nigeria would probably not have survived without some form of decentralized governance.34
 +
 +
 +
====Endemic fragile statehood makes terrorist deployment of chemical and nuclear weapons inevitable – causes extinction====
 +
**Rahn 15** (Richard W. Rahn is a senior fellow at the Cato Institute and chairman of the Institute for Global Economic Growth. "The rise of the failed states," http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/jul/6/richard-rahn-the-rise-of-the-failed-states/)
 +
The greatest threat to global security is the rapidly increasing number of failed states.
 +
AND
 +
privatized" and then sold to rogue states or non-state actors.
 +
 +
 +
=Case=
 +
 +
 +
===Alt cause – phobias===
 +
 +
 +
====Alt causes to homophobia.====
 +
**LGBT resource Center 2010** ~~[Homophobia pg. 2-3~~] Calculus BC
 +
WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF HOMOPHOBIA?  Personal (internalized)homophobia (prejudice
 +
AND
 +
. Therefore, same‐sex sexuality will certainly be feared or damned.
 +
 +
 +
====Alt causes to transphobia====
 +
**Monro 2k5** ~~[Surya Monro, author of Gender Politics: Citizenship, Activism and Sexual Diversity, Pluto press. Surya Monro has been involved in gender and sexuality activism for over 15 years. She is Senior Research Fellow in the Policy Research Institute at Leeds Metropolitan University. She has published in various refereed journals, has taught in the field and has spoken at a range of national and international conferences.~~] Calculus BC
 +
Research evidence shows that transphobia can be linked to the dominance of a range of
 +
AND
 +
gender and sexual expression, as freer expression would destabilise existing power structures.
 +
 +
 +
===Advantage-heteronormative===
 +
 +
 +
====Sex ed reproduces discrimination at the level of the body by promoting patriarchal, heteronormative, and white supremacist structures.====
 +
**McNeill 13** ~~[Tanya McNeill received her PhD in Sociology with a Certificate in Feminist Studies from the University of California at Santa Cruz in 2008. She has taught in Women's and Gender Studies, LGBT Studies and Sociology at the University of Wisconsin Eau Claire, Wellesley College, the University of California at Davis, and the University of California at Santa Cruz. Her research interests include the production of knowledge about the family, the regulation of gender, race, sexuality, and class, childhood and gender, and LGBT advocacy. Her essay, 'A nation of families: The codification and (be)longings of heteropatriarchy' was published in Toward a Sociology of the Trace in 2010. She currently lives in Eugene, Oregon, where she is researching cultural and political representations of gender creative (or gender non-conforming) children. file:///C:/Users/Benny/Downloads/sex%20education%20and%20the%20promotion%20of%20heteronormativity.pdf "Sex education and the promotion of heteronormativity" pg. 3~~] Calculus BC
 +
Schools, as sites of the production of citizens, exert a powerfully disciplining force
 +
AND
 +
both public policy and interpersonal interactions (including those between teachers and students).

Revision as of 17:49, 20 July 2017


Contents

Sp1 1nc

T

A) Interpretation: "Primary and secondary education" refers to schooling ranging from elementary to high school education

    • U.S. Department of Education 8** (International Affairs Office, U.S. Department of Education, Feb 2008. "Organization of U.S. Education: The School Level,")

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS Primary schools are called elementary schools, intermediate (upper primary AND different interests and capabilities who follow different educational tracks within the same school.


B) "Education" is prescribed classroom instruction

Education (noun): The act or process of educating; the result of educating AND education for the bar or the pulpit; he has finished his education.


C) Violation: the plan funds teaching certification programs, which are postsecondary education —

    • Putnam 81** (John F. Putnam, National Center for Education Statistics. "Postsecondary Student Terminology: A Handbook of Terms and Definitions for Describing Students in Postsecondary Education," March 1981.)

A postsecondary education institution is defined as an academic, vocational, technical, home AND FICE Report,, vol. 1, no. 3 (June 1974).


D) Prefer our interpretation:

1) Limits – allowing affirmatives to fund or regulate postsecondary education drastically and unfairly expands the negative's research burden – kills fairness and ability to have a good debate/conversation which hurts advocacy skills which is an important portable skill that you can use for the rest of your life and is exclusive to debate.

2) Ground –eliminates core generics specific to public education Key to fairness

Cap K

Judge has a prior ethical obligation to reject capitalism

Zizek & Daly 4-(Slavoj, PhD in Philosophy @ the University of Ljubljana, Senior Research in Sociology @ the University of Ljubljana, Professor of Philosophy and Psychoanalysis @ the European Graduate School, has been a visiting professor @ University of Chicago, Columbia University, Princeton, University of London, and NYU, International Director of the Birkbeck Institute for the Humanities, president of the Society for Theoretical Psychoanalysis, and Glyn, has been a Professor @ Essex University and Manchester University, Conversations with Zizek page 14-16) For Zizek it is imperative that we cut through this Gordian knot of postmodern protocol AND abject Other to that of a 'glitch' in an otherwise sound matrix.*


Its try or die—Capitalism's narcissistic drive makes democratization of the market impossible—humanity is at a crossroads—the timeframe is now

Richard A. **Smith 7**, Research Associate at the Institute for Policy Research & Development, UK; PhD in History from UCLA, June 2007, "The Eco-suicidal Economics of Adam Smith," Capitalism Nature Socialism, Vol. 18, No. 2, p. 22-43 So there you have it: insatiable growth and consumption is destroying the planet and AND a practical working socialist democracy, or we face ecological and social collapse.


The aff aims to satisfy capitalism's urge for limitless growth - causes exploitation, destruction of democracies, and destroys value to life while trying to stave off the inevitable collapse(need to highlight)

What lies at the heart of this insanity? It is this: Commanding an AND people and the natural environment remain stronger than the desire to accumulate wealth.


Capitalism results in a death drive that makes structural violence and sacrificial genocide

According to Franz Hinkelammert, the West has repeatedly been under the illusion that it AND to pay the health costs of the world's poorest countries for four years.


Voting negative refuses the affirmative in favor of Historical Materialist Pedagogy. International inequality is sutured by the unequal circulation of capital. Without revolutionary theory, there can be no revolutionary moment. Only starting from the structural antagonisms produced by wage labor can lead to transformative politics.

    • Ebert '9** ~~[Teresa, Associate Professor of English, State University of New York at Albany, THE TASK OF CULTURAL CRITIQUE, pp. 92-95~~]

Unlike these rewritings, which reaffirm in a somewhat new language the system of wage AND Instead, the pedagogy of critique is a worldly teaching of the worldly.


Case

Automation Nation

No unemployment crisis – production gains offset employment costs

    • Manyika et al 17** (James Manyika Director, McKinsey Global Institute; Senior Partner, McKinsey & Company San Francisco. "A FUTURE THAT WORKS: AUTOMATION, EMPLOYMENT, AND PRODUCTIVITY," January 2017.)

A recurring question about automation is its effect on employment. Many forecasters paint a AND higher-level capabilities, especially those that require social and emotional ones.


Plan can't solve alternate causes of unemployment—specialization, labor market inflexibility, financial crises

Although the labor market report on Friday showed modest job growth, employment opportunities remain AND do with modern technology, and it will be with us for some time


And, productivity gains from automation offset employment effects—no economic collapse

    • Manyika et al 17** (James Manyika Director, McKinsey Global Institute; Senior Partner, McKinsey & Company San Francisco. "A FUTURE THAT WORKS: AUTOMATION, EMPLOYMENT, AND PRODUCTIVITY," January 2017.)

The world is in need of a new engine of GDP growth. Shifting demographics AND requiring all workers to cohabit extensively with technology and reshaping the corporate landscape.


Aff can't solve for adaptive workforce education—accelerating changes will require constant re-education and certification

The Economist 2016 ~~[ "Automation and Anxiety: Will Smarter Machines Cause Mass Unemployment," The Economist, Special Report on Artificial Intelligence, 6/25/16 ~| http://www.economist.com/news/special-report/21700758-will-smarter-machines-cause-mass-unemployment-automation-and-anxiety~~] Even outside the AI community, there is a broad consensus that technological progress, AND -operation between government, training providers and employers over certification would help.


Economic collapse doesn't cause war

Daniel **Drezner 14**, IR prof at Tufts, The System Worked: Global Economic Governance during the Great Recession, World Politics, Volume 66. Number 1, January 2014, pp. 123-164 The final significant outcome addresses a dog that hasn't barked: the effect of the AND surge in protectionist nationalism or ethnic exclusion that might have been expected."43


Advanced Manufacturing

Aff can't solve advanced manufacturing—public perception of manufacturing decline dissuades prospective workers

PCAST 2014 ~~[President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology,an advisory group of the Nation's leading scientists and engineers, appointed by the President to augment the science and technology advice available to him from inside the White House and from cabinet departments and other Federal agencies ~| "REPORT TO THE PRESIDENT ACCELERATING U.S. ADVANCED MANUFACTURING" PCAST Report October 2014 ~| https://www.manufacturingusa.com/sites/prod/files/amp20_report_final.pdf ~~] Shifting the Misconceptions the Public Holds of Manufacturing: For decades, workers flocked to AND advanced manufacturing and product realization starting at early ages and through graduate education.


Automation doesn't kill manufacturing employment—Germany, Sweden and South Korea prove

Andes & Muro 2015 ~~[Scott, Associate and Associate Fellow - Centennial Scholar Initiative, Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Initiative on Innovation and Placemaking; Mark, Senior Fellow and Policy Director - Metropolitan Policy Program ~| "Don't blame the robots for lost manufacturing jobs" Brookings Institute 4/29/15 ~| https://www.brookings.edu/blog/the-avenue/2015/04/29/dont-blame-the-robots-for-lost-manufacturing-jobs/ ~~] However, this new evidence poses a question: Has productivity growth from robots come AND time frame studied here they cannot be said to have caused job losses.


Competitiveness not key to heg

Wohlforth et al., Dartmouth government professor, 2008 (William, World out of Balance, International Relations and the Challenge of American Primacy, pg 32-5, ldg) American primacy is also rooted in the county's position as the world's leading technological power AND until the distribution of capabilities changes fundamentally. The next section explains why.


US can absorb innovation from anywhere-ensures competitiveness

Beckley, Harvard International Security Program research fellow, 2012 (Michael, "China's Century? Why America's Edge Will Endure", International Security 36.3, lexis, ldg) In theory, globalization should help developing countries obtain and absorb advanced technology. In AND paradoxically favor a concentration of technological and military capabilities in the United States.


Hegemony is terminally unsustainable – attempts at reanimating it make their impacts inevitable

On both sides of the Atlantic, Britain's vote to leave the European Union has AND it risks accelerated relative economic decline at home, and major conflict abroad.


Hegemony will cause extinction—economic crises, systemic warfare, and mass structural violence

The world is at a dangerous crossroads. The United States and its allies have AND , the legitimacy of money laundering and the protection of the drug trade.


Cyber Security

Squo solves demand—internal training and existing education programs

Libicki et al 2014 ~~[Martin C., American scholar and Professor at the Frederick S. Pardee RAND Graduate School in Santa Monica, California ; David Senty, RAND senior fellow who previously served as chief of staff at the U.S. Cyber Command; Julia Pollack, reference and instruction librarian at CUNY-Bronx Community College ~| "H4CKER5 WANTED: An Examination of the Cybersecurity Labor Market" Report for the Rand Corporation, 2014 ~| http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR400/RR430/RAND_RR430.pdf ~~] Our assessment does not refute this position—good cybersecurity professionals are in high demand AND indications of a decrease in the demand for cybersecurity professionals started to appear.


Even if there is a shortage automation solves. Streamlining repetitive tasks and predictive analytics enable a reallocation of the existing labor pool

Golden & Johnson 6/8 ~~[Deborah, principal in Deloitte & Touche LLP's Advisory practice. She has over 20 years of information technology, security, and privacy experience;Ted, Defense and National Security Research Manager with Deloitte's Center for Government Insights ~| "Augmented Security: How Cognitive Technologies can Address the Cyber Workforce Shortage" Deloitte University Press 6/8/17 ~| https://dupress.deloitte.com/dup-us-en/industry/public-sector/addressing-cybersecurity-talent-shortage.html ~~] So what exactly are cognitive technologies and how might they address the talent shortage? AND , which permits a forward-looking, predictive approach to security challenges.


no solvency—existing federal and state programs are sufficient but the aff can't mobilize the private sector

Garcia 3/23 ~~[Antonio, Principal Systems Engineer, GRA Quantum ~| "Addressing the Cybersecurity Talent Shortage" RSA Conference, 3/23/17 ~| https://www.rsaconference.com/blogs/addressing-the-cybersecurity-talent-shortage ~~] Numerous examples demonstrate the success of vocational training programs and apprenticeships in meeting current and AND improving their skills throughout their careers, and employers meet their workforce needs.


No significant impact to cyber attacks – probability, current defense checks, and too difficult to coordinate

    • Gartzke and Lindsay '15** ~~[Erik Gartzke is professor of political science at the University of California, San Diego. Jon R. Lindsay is assistant professor of digital media and global affairs at the Munk School of Global Affairs, University of Toronto. Weaving Tangled Webs: Offense, Defense, and Deception in Cyberspace, Security Studies, 24:316–348, 2015.~~]

Indeed, the US Department of Defense gets attacked ten million times a day; AND for a more general tendency toward offense dominance across the entire cyber domain.


Case

Stop playing around, the aff seeks to escape the sovereign and educate for the sake of education but for whom gets access to the endless education, who can abandon the potential income of capital, the exact people who they attempt to defend. The affirmative needs to stop playing around and do something for the people they use to get impacts.

The aff is not a complete politics – their method of study cannot defend or sustain itself which guarantees backlash and re-appropriation.

    • Ford 17** – (Derek R., Prof of Education at DePauw University, PhD Syracuse, "Studying like a communist: Affect, the Party, and the educational limits to capitalism," Incorporating ACCESS, Volume 49, 2017 - Issue 5, Pages 452-461)//a-berg

Studying is, like the crowd event, a beautiful moment of encounter, the AND foreclosed as the crowd is dispersed through redirection, exhaustion, or repression.


Agamben's ontological rendering of political events is reductive – their analytical tunnel vision prevents nuanced understandings of power which can actualize resistance.

Andrew Robinson, January 21, 2011 "Giorgio Agamben: destroying sovereignty," http://ceasefiremagazine.co.uk/in-theory-giorgio-agamben-destroying-sovereignty/)//a-berg My main concern with Agamben's theory arises from some degree of scepticism regarding the assumption AND the state-as-arbiter and the state-as-distributor)?


fw

Interpretation: the affirmative should defend the desirability of a topical plan that affirms the United States federal government should substantially increase its funding and/or regulation of elementary and/or secondary education in the United States.

A. "United States Federal Government should" means the debate is solely about the outcome of a policy established by governmental means

    • Ericson, 3** (Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater's Guide, Third Edition, p. 4)

The Proposition of Policy: Urging Future Action In policy propositions, each topic contains AND compelling reasons for an audience to perform the future action that you propose.


B. The word "Resolved" before the colon reflects a legislative forum

The colon introduces the following: a. A list, but only after " AND resolved:" Resolved: (colon) That this council petition the mayor.


C. Violation: The affirmative advocates a deconstruction of the narrative of the Federal government and education, not increased funding by the United States federal government

D. Vote Negative -

1. Institutional knowledge – our framework prioritizes a method of democratic engagement and commitment to participatory change - the affirmative's criteria for political change causes a fracturing of politics and trades off with genuine political change.

However, politics is no less important to many of us today. Politics still AND peers and colleagues at the level of political or intellectual debate and organisation.


    • ====2. Deliberative dialogue - the resolution provides fair, limited balance of ground to both the aff and the neg – discarding the opportunity of focus provided by the resolution turns debate into a monologue which guts all benefits of the activity. ====**
    • Hanghoj 08** – PhD, assistant professor, School of Education, University of Aarhus, also affiliated with the Danish Research Centre on Education and Advanced Media Materials, located at the Institute of Literature, Media and Cultural Studies at the University of Southern Denmark ~~[Thorkild, PLAYFUL KNOWLEDGE An Explorative Study of Educational Gaming, PhD Dissertation Institute of Literature, Media and Cultural Studies University of Southern Denmark 2008, http://static.sdu.dk/mediafiles/Files/Information_til/Studerende_ved_SDU/Din_uddannelse/phd_hum/afhandlinger/2009/ThorkilHanghoej.pdf~~]

3.3.1. Balancing teaching and gaming Debate games are often AND dialogue as an end in itself" (Wegerif, 2006: 61).


3. These impacts outweigh - effective deliberative training coupled with institutional knowledge is key to effective challenges to oppression—the content of debates is irrelevant, it's about repeatedly practicing the form of switch-side skepticism

My analysis of the Solutions controversy has revealed one such opportunity: the potential for AND create political space within which alternative conceptions of politics can be developed.30


k

Judge has a priori ethical obligation to reject capitalism

Zizek & Daly 4-(Slavoj, PhD in Philosophy @ the University of Ljubljana, Senior Research in Sociology @ the University of Ljubljana, Professor of Philosophy and Psychoanalysis @ the European Graduate School, has been a visiting professor @ University of Chicago, Columbia University, Princeton, University of London, and NYU, International Director of the Birkbeck Institute for the Humanities, president of the Society for Theoretical Psychoanalysis, and Glyn, has been a Professor @ Essex University and Manchester University, Conversations with Zizek page 14-16) For Zizek it is imperative that we cut through this Gordian knot of postmodern protocol AND abject Other to that of a 'glitch' in an otherwise sound matrix.


Its try or die—Capitalism's narcissistic drive makes democratization of the market impossible—humanity is at a crossroads—the timeframe is now

Richard A. **Smith 7**, Research Associate at the Institute for Policy Research & Development, UK; PhD in History from UCLA, June 2007, "The Eco-suicidal Economics of Adam Smith," Capitalism Nature Socialism, Vol. 18, No. 2, p. 22-43 So there you have it: insatiable growth and consumption is destroying the planet and AND a practical working socialist democracy, or we face ecological and social collapse.


Their rejection of education as a space of productivity is actively hostile to an anti-capitalist orientation – ethics demand that we utilize spaces such as debate to generate an anti-capitalist pedagogy that can play a fundamental role in shaping the material relations of power.

In opposition to these positions, I want to reclaim a tradition in radical educational AND through new forms of pedagogical praxis, global protests, and collective resistance.


Capitalism results in a death drive that makes structural violence and sacrificial genocide

According to Franz Hinkelammert, the West has repeatedly been under the illusion that it AND to pay the health costs of the world's poorest countries for four years.


Voting negative refuses the affirmative in favor of Historical Materialist Pedagogy. International inequality is sutured by the unequal circulation of capital. Without revolutionary theory, there can be no revolutionary moment. Only starting from the structural antagonisms produced by wage labor can lead to transformative politics.

    • Ebert '9** ~~[Teresa, Associate Professor of English, State University of New York at Albany, THE TASK OF CULTURAL CRITIQUE, pp. 92-95~~]

Unlike these rewritings, which reaffirm in a somewhat new language the system of wage AND Instead, the pedagogy of critique is a worldly teaching of the worldly.


k

Judge has a priori ethical obligation to reject capitalism

Zizek & Daly 4-(Slavoj, PhD in Philosophy @ the University of Ljubljana, Senior Research in Sociology @ the University of Ljubljana, Professor of Philosophy and Psychoanalysis @ the European Graduate School, has been a visiting professor @ University of Chicago, Columbia University, Princeton, University of London, and NYU, International Director of the Birkbeck Institute for the Humanities, president of the Society for Theoretical Psychoanalysis, and Glyn, has been a Professor @ Essex University and Manchester University, Conversations with Zizek page 14-16) For Zizek it is imperative that we cut through this Gordian knot of postmodern protocol AND abject Other to that of a 'glitch' in an otherwise sound matrix.


Its try or die—Capitalism's narcissistic drive makes democratization of the market impossible—humanity is at a crossroads—the timeframe is now

Richard A. **Smith 7**, Research Associate at the Institute for Policy Research & Development, UK; PhD in History from UCLA, June 2007, "The Eco-suicidal Economics of Adam Smith," Capitalism Nature Socialism, Vol. 18, No. 2, p. 22-43 So there you have it: insatiable growth and consumption is destroying the planet and AND a practical working socialist democracy, or we face ecological and social collapse.


Describing what the government should do ignores personal responsibility and assumes a false neutrality—only the alt can break the cycle of demands

Herod 1 (James, "A Stake, Not a Mistake: On Not Seeing the Enemy", October, 2001, http://www.jamesherod.info/index.php?sec=paper&id=9&print=y&PHPSESSID=4387a9147ad42723ea101944dd538914)

Let's take another example. Russell Mokhiber and Robert Weissman, otherwise very AND , and states and governments, they could begin to see another way.


Liberal capitalism is another name for totalitarianism of the market, another mode of subjectivization

Lazzarato 13- sociologist and philosopher, Researcher @ Matisse / CNRS (Paris I University), member of the International College of Philosophy in Paris ~~[Maurizio, "Governmentality in the current crisis," March, 2013, translation by Arianna Bove, lecture delivered in Berlin in 2013, http://www.generation-online.org/p/fp_lazzarato7.htm, DKP~~] Disclaimer: In the time intervened between my work on the government of inequalities, AND of the first intervention. First for the markets, second against society.


Capitalism results in a death drive that makes structural violence and sacrificial genocide

According to Franz Hinkelammert, the West has repeatedly been under the illusion that it AND to pay the health costs of the world's poorest countries for four years.


Voting negative refuses the affirmative in favor of Historical Materialist Pedagogy. International inequality is sutured by the unequal circulation of capital. Without revolutionary theory, there can be no revolutionary moment. Only starting from the structural antagonisms produced by wage labor can lead to transformative politics.

    • Ebert '9** ~~[Teresa, Associate Professor of English, State University of New York at Albany, THE TASK OF CULTURAL CRITIQUE, pp. 92-95~~]

Unlike these rewritings, which reaffirm in a somewhat new language the system of wage AND Instead, the pedagogy of critique is a worldly teaching of the worldly.


cp

The Fifty United States and all relevant territories should eliminate funding for Abstinence-only sex education and fully fund programs for comprehensive sexuality education in primary and secondary schools in line with the National Sexuality Education Standards.

States are key to education and preventing "one size fits all" programs. The CP also aligns responsibility and moves towards a more practical decision calculus.

    • Kelly and Hess** 9/15/**2015** ~~[Andrew P. Kelly is a resident scholar and director of the Center on Higher Education Reform at the American Entrprise Institute. Frederick M. Hess is director of education policy studies at the American Enterprise Institute and author of the new book, "Letters to a Young Education Reformer." More Than a Slogan Here are five good reasons federalism is so important in education. https://www.usnews.com/opinion/knowledge-bank/2015/09/15/5-reasons-federalism-in-education-matters~~] Calculus BC

It's a matter of size. Education advocates suffer from severe bouts of Finland and AND is both accountable to the public and dynamic enough to meet today's challenges.


Despite these federal efforts, sex education policy is mostly decentralized. And, since AND five require that it be due to a family's religious or moral beliefs.


da

Trump dedicated to reducing federal influence in education now

The Washington Times 2017 (S.A. Miller, Reporter for The Washington Times, "Trump to pull feds out of K-12 education", April 26^^th^^ 2017, http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/apr/26/donald-trump-pull-feds-out-k-12-education/, accessed 6/3/17, JK) President Trump signed an executive order Wednesday to start pulling the federal government out of AND teachers and parents to make the decisions that help their students achieve success."


Federalism on sex ed threatens national unity; causes fissures in morality issues

Ross Douthat had an admirable column earlier this week arguing that, because we don't AND prefer proximity in law-making, or e pluribus unum in culture?


American federalism is modeled globally

    • Stepan et al 11** (Alfred Stepan is the Wallace Sayre Professor of Government at Columbia University. His books include Democracies in Danger, Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation, and The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes, all also published by Johns Hopkins, the last two with Juan J. Linz. Juan J. Linz is Sterling Professor Emeritus of Political and Social Science at Yale University. In addition to the works coauthored and coedited with Professor Stepan, Professor Linz has published works on democracy, democratization, and comparative politics, including Sultanistic Regimes, also published by Johns Hopkins. Yogendra Yadav is the codirector of Lokniti and a Senior Fellow with the Center for the Study of Developing Societies (CSDS), Delhi, India. He has written articles for Hindi- and English-language newspapers and magazines, is a member of the editorial collective of the monthly Hindi-language magazine Samayik Varta, and is the general editor of Lokchintan Granthamala, a four-volume series on social science published in Hindi. Crafting State-Nations: India and Other Multinational Democracies, "Ch 8: The U.S. Federal Model and Multinational Societies," Johns Hopkins University Press, January 2011.)

The purpose of this chapter is to explore the question ' how appropriate or inappropriate AND is it neutral in its impact. or could it be particularly hartnful?


Decentralized education federalism in particular is a crucial model for governance-building in fragile states

Decentralized federal constitutions are characterized by fairly autonomous provinces and a weak central authority in AND Nigeria would probably not have survived without some form of decentralized governance.34


Endemic fragile statehood makes terrorist deployment of chemical and nuclear weapons inevitable – causes extinction

The greatest threat to global security is the rapidly increasing number of failed states. AND privatized" and then sold to rogue states or non-state actors.


Case

Alt cause – phobias

Alt causes to homophobia.

    • LGBT resource Center 2010** ~~[Homophobia pg. 2-3~~] Calculus BC

WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF HOMOPHOBIA?  Personal (internalized)homophobia (prejudice AND . Therefore, same‐sex sexuality will certainly be feared or damned.


Alt causes to transphobia

    • Monro 2k5** ~~[Surya Monro, author of Gender Politics: Citizenship, Activism and Sexual Diversity, Pluto press. Surya Monro has been involved in gender and sexuality activism for over 15 years. She is Senior Research Fellow in the Policy Research Institute at Leeds Metropolitan University. She has published in various refereed journals, has taught in the field and has spoken at a range of national and international conferences.~~] Calculus BC

Research evidence shows that transphobia can be linked to the dominance of a range of AND gender and sexual expression, as freer expression would destabilise existing power structures.


Advantage-heteronormative

Sex ed reproduces discrimination at the level of the body by promoting patriarchal, heteronormative, and white supremacist structures.

    • McNeill 13** ~~[Tanya McNeill received her PhD in Sociology with a Certificate in Feminist Studies from the University of California at Santa Cruz in 2008. She has taught in Women's and Gender Studies, LGBT Studies and Sociology at the University of Wisconsin Eau Claire, Wellesley College, the University of California at Davis, and the University of California at Santa Cruz. Her research interests include the production of knowledge about the family, the regulation of gender, race, sexuality, and class, childhood and gender, and LGBT advocacy. Her essay, 'A nation of families: The codification and (be)longings of heteropatriarchy' was published in Toward a Sociology of the Trace in 2010. She currently lives in Eugene, Oregon, where she is researching cultural and political representations of gender creative (or gender non-conforming) children. file:///C:/Users/Benny/Downloads/sex%20education%20and%20the%20promotion%20of%20heteronormativity.pdf "Sex education and the promotion of heteronormativity" pg. 3~~] Calculus BC

Schools, as sites of the production of citizens, exert a powerfully disciplining force AND both public policy and interpersonal interactions (including those between teachers and students).

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